CLASS-8 SUBJECT SCIENCE CHAPTER-5 COAL AND PETROLEUM

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

08/11/2021      CLASS- 8   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :  SCIENCE

CHAPTER-5
COAL AND PETROLEUM

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Question 1.What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?

Answer:
The advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels are:

• They burn with a smokeless flame and so does not cause any pollution.
• They leave no ash on burning.
• They are easy to handle and convenient to store.

Question 2.Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Answer:
Bitumen

Question 3.Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Answer:
Millions of years ago, trees, plants, ferns and forests got buried below the rocks, soil and sand due to natural processes like flooding, earthquake, etc. Slowly, as more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. This led to the conditions of high pressure and heat. These conditions along with the anaerobic conditions turned the carbon-enriched organic matter of wood into coal.
This slow process of conversion of wood into coal is called carbonisation.

Question 4.Fill in the blanks.
(a) Fossils fuels are ____ , ____ and ____
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ______
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is ______
Answer:
(a) coal, petroleum, natural gas
(b) refining
(c) CNG

Question 5.Tick True/False against the following statements.
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.
(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol.
(c) Coke is an almost pure form of carbon.
(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.
(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

Question 6.Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Answer:
Fossil fuels take millions of years to be formed. They are limited in nature and cannot be replenished easily, once consumed. Hence, they are considered as exhaustible natural resources.

Question 7.Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.
Answer:
Characteristics of coke: Coke is 98% pure carbon. It is a tough, porous and black substance. It pro-duces a very little smoke.
Uses of coke: Coke is very useful as fuel. It is a good reducing agent. It is widely used in metallurgical processes to reduce metals from their oxides. It is used for producing water gas.

Question 8.Explain the process of the formation of petroleum.
Answer:
Petroleum is formed by the burial of aquatic plants and animals below the sea bed. The marine animals and plants died thousands of years ago and settled down in the bottom of sea. In anaerobic conditions, microorganisms decompose this organic matter. Due to high pressure and heat, the dead remains of tiny plants and animals were slowly converted into petroleum.

Question 9.The following table shows the total power shortage in India from 2004-2010. Show the data in the form of a graph. Piet shortage percentage for the years on the y-axis and the year on the x-axis.

S. No.	Year	Shortage (%)
1	2004	7.8
2	2005	8.6
3	2006	9.0
4	2007	9.5
5	2008	9.9
6	2009	11.2
7	2010	10.0

Answer:

CLASS-8 SUBJECT-SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY CHAPTER-4 TRIBALS DIKUS AND THE VISION OF A GOLDEN AGE

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

08/11/2021      CLASS- 8   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE(HISTORY) 

CHAPTER-4
TRIBALS DIKUS AND THE VISION OF A GOLDEN AGE

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Question 1.

Choose the correct option:
(i) The Khonds belonged to
(a) Gujarat
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Orissa
(d) Punjab

(ii) British officials saw these settled tribal groups as more civilised than hunter-gatherers
(a) Gortds
(b) Sahthals
(c) Khonds
(d) Both (a) and (b)

(iii) Vaishnav preachers were the worshippers of
(a) Shiva
(b) Durga
(c) Krishna
(d) Vishnu

(iv) Kusum and Palash flowers were used to
(a) prepare medicines
(b) make garlands
(c) color clothes and leather
(d) prepare hair oil

(v) The Gaddis of Kulu was
(a) shepherds
(b) cattle herders
(c) fruit gatherers
(d) hunters
Answer:
(i) (c), (ii) (d), (iii) (d), (iv) (c),(v) (a).

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.

1. The lives of shifting cultivators depended on free movement within …………….
2. The …………… were not ready to work as laborers.
3. The British wanted tribal groups to …………. and become …………… cultivators.
4. The British declare that forests were …………… property.
5. Birsa was born in a family of ………….. a tribal group that lived in …………………
6. The Santhals of Hazaribagh reared

Answer:

1. forests
2. Baigas
3. settle down, peasant
4. state
5. Mundas, Chottanagpur
6. cocoons

Question 3.
State whether each of the following statements is True or False.

1. The traders and moneylenders never deceived the tribal people.
2. The silk growers earned huge amount of wealth and therefore enjoyed a happy life.
3. Many tribal groups did not like the colonial forest laws and therefore revolted.
4. The jhum cultivators in north-east India stopped their traditional practice.
5. The tribal Chiefs lost their authority under the British rule.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Question 4.
Match the items given in Column A correctly with those given in Column B.

Answer:
(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (e)
(iv) (b)
(v) (c)

Class 8 History Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Mention different types of activities of the tribal people.
Answer:

1. Some practiced jhum cultivation,
2. Some were hunter-gatherers.
3. Some herded animals.
4. Some took to settled cultivation.

Question 2.
Why did the British want tribal groups to settle down and become peasant cultivators?
Answer:
It was because settled peasants were easier to control and administer than people who were always on the move.

Question 3.
Why did the British introduce land settlements?
Answer:
They did so in order to get a regular revenue source for the state.

Question 4.
Why were some forests classified as Reserved Forests?
Answer:
These forests produced timber which the British wanted.

Question 5.
What problem did the British face after they stopped the tribal people from living inside forests?
Answer:
They faced the problem of shortage of labour.

Question 6.
Why did the Forest Department establish forest villages?
Answer:
It did so in order to ensure a regular supply of cheap labour.

Question 7.
How did the tribal groups view the market and the traders?
Answer:
They viewed them as their main enemies.

Question 8.
Who was Birsa?
Answer:
Birsa belonged to a family of Mundas, a tribal group that lived in Chottanagpur.

Question 9.
What did people say about him?
Answer:
People said that he had miraculous powers. He could cure all diseases and multiply grain.

Question 10.
What problems did Birsa set out to resolve?
Answer:

• The familiar ways of tribals seemed to be disappearing.
• Their livelihoods were under threat.
• The religion appeared to be in danger. Birsa set out to resolve these problems.

Class 8 History Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the main activities of the Khonds living in the forests of Orissa?
Answer:
The Khonds were basically hunter-gatherers. They regularly went out on collective hunts and then divided the meat amongst themselves. They ate fruits and roots collected from the forest and cooked food with the oil they extracted from the seeds of the sal and mahua. They used many forest shrubs and herbs for medicinal purposes and sold forest produce in the local markets. All their activities were based on forests.

Question 2.
How did traders and moneylenders exploit the tribal people?
Or
How were traders and moneylenders cause of the tribals’ misery? [V. Imp.]
Answer:
Tribal groups often needed to buy and sell in order to be able to get the goods that were not produced within the locality. This led to their dependence on traders and moneylenders. Traders came around with things for sale. They sold the goods at high prices.

Moneylenders used to give loans with which the tribals met their cash needs, adding to what they earned. But the interest charged on the loans was very high. Thus, both traders and moneylenders always exploited tribal people. It is therefore the tribals- saw them as evil outsiders and the cause of their misery.

Question 3.
How did the British officials view settled tribal groups and those who moved about from place to place?
Answer:
The British officials saw settled tribal groups such as the Gonds and Santhals as more civilised than hunter-gatherers or shifting cultivators. These tribal groups lived in the forests and kept on moving. They did not have a fixed home. The British considered them wild and savage and therefore they needed to be settled and civilised.

Question 4.
Describe land settlements introduced by the British.
Answer:
The British introduced land settlements to ensure a regular revenue source for the state. Under these settlements:

• the British measured the land, defined the rights of each individual to that land, and fixed the revenue demand for the state.
• some peasants were declared landowners, other tenants. The tenants were to pay rent to the landowner who in turn paid revenue to the state.

Question 5.
Why was the British effort to settle jhum cultivators not very successful?
Answer:
(a) It is usually difficult to carry on settled plough cultivation in areas where water is scarce and the soil is dry.
(b) Jhum cultivators who took to plough cultivation often suffered since their fields did not preclude good yields. Hence, the jhum cultivators in north-east India insisted on continuing with their traditional practice.
(c) The British faced widespread protests. Therefore, they allowed them to carry on shifting cultivation in some parts of the forest.

Class-8 Subject Social Science Chapter- 4 AGRICULTURE (GEOGRAPHY)

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

08/11/2021      CLASS- 8   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE(GEOGRAPHY) 

CHAPTER-4
AGRICULTURE

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Question 1.Answer the following questions.
(i) What is agriculture?
(ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture.
(iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?
(iv) What is plantation agriculture?
(v) Name the fibre crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth.
Answer:
(i) Agriculture is the primary activity that involves the cultivation of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock.

(ii) Factors influencing agriculture include the topography of soil and climate.

(iii) Shifting cultivation is the type of farming in which agricultural activities are shifted from one field to another when the fertility of the soil of the former is diminished
Disadvantages:

• Deforestation
• Soil erosion
• Small patches for cultivation
• Not sufficient for feeding a large population.

(iv) Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming where only a single crop (like tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton) is grown. A large amount of labour and capital are required. The product is processed on the farm itself or nearby factories.

(v) Two major fiber crops are jute and cotton. Jute grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall, and a humid climate for its growth. Cotton needs high temperatures, light rainfall, and bright sunshine for its proper growth.

Question 2.
Tick the correct Answer:
(i) Horticulture means
(a) growing of fruits and vegetables
(b) primitive farming
(c) growing of wheat

(ii) Golden fiber refers to
(a) tea
(b) cotton
(c) jute

(iii) Leading producers of coffee
(a) Brazil
(b) India
(c) Russiac
Answer:
(i) (a), (ii) (c), (iii) (a).

Question 3.
Give reasons.
(i) In India agriculture is a primary activity.
(ii) Different crops are grown in different regions.
Answer:
(i) Agriculture is an activity of growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and rearing of livestock. It is a primary activity since it directly involves natural resources. In India, a huge number of people derive the activity from their ancestors. Due to lack of literacy in general, farmers prefer agriculture since they acquire the required skills from their ancestors, and so feel comfortable with it.

(ii)

• Different topography
• Different soils
• Different climates
• Different lifestyles of the people in different regions.

Question 4.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Primary activities and secondary activities.
(ii) Subsistence farming and intensive farming.
Answer:
(i)

Question 5.
Find out the difference between the lifestyle of farmers in the USA and India on the basis of pictures collected from magazines, books, newspapers and the internet.
Answer:
The lifestyle of an Indian farmer is quite different from that of a farmer in the USA. An Indian farmer does not have much land whereas the average size of a farm in the USA is about 250 hectares. An Indian farmer lives in his house but an American farmer lives in his farm. A farmer in India applies his own experience, and advice of other farmers and elders regarding farming practices. But a farmer in the USA gets his soil tested in laboratories to assess the nutrients of the soil. An Indian farmer does not know of any technical advancements whereas a farmer in the USA has a computer which is linked to the satellite. In comparison to an Indian farmer, an American farmer is much more advanced in every aspect.