10/02/2022 CLASS- 6 SESSION 2021-22 SUBJECT : HINDI CHAPTER-14 लोकगीत,
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अन्य पाठेतर हल प्रश्न
बहुविकल्पी प्रश्नोत्तर
(क) “लोकगीत’ पाठ के लेखक कौन हैं? (i) प्रेमचंद (ii) विष्णु प्रभाकर (iii) विनय महाजन (iv) भगवतशरण उपाध्याय
(ख) लोकगीतों की भाषा कैसी होती है? (i) संस्कृतनिष्ठ (ii) शास्त्रीय (iii) आम बोलचाल (iv) अनगढ़
(ग) लोकगीत शास्त्रीय संगीत से किस मायने में भिन्न है? (i) लय, सुर और ताल में (ii) मधुरता में (iii) सोच, ताजगी और लोकप्रियता में (iv) इनमें कोई नहीं
(घ) लोकगीतों की रचना में किसका विशेष योगदान है? (i) बच्चों का (ii) स्त्रियों का (iii) पुरुषों का (iv) इनमें कोई नहीं
(ङ) इनमें से कौन बंगाल का लोकगीत है? (i) कजरी (ii) बाउल (iii) पूरबी (iv) सावन
उत्तर
(क) (iv) (ख) (iii) (ग) (iii) (घ) (ii) (ङ) (ii)
प्रश्न ‘लोक’ शब्द में कुछ जोड़कर जितने शब्द तुम्हें सूझे, उनकी सूची बनाओ। इन शब्दों को ध्यान से देखो और समझो कि उनमें अर्थ की दृष्टि से क्या समानता है। इन शब्दों से वाक्य भी बनाओ, जैसे-लोककला। उत्तर
लोकहित- हमारे नेताओं को लोकहित में ध्यान रखकर काम करना चाहिए।
लोकप्रिय- डॉ० राजेंद्र प्रसाद हमारे लोकप्रिय नेता थे।
लोकप्रिय- लोक संगीत का अपना अलग की आनंद है।
लोकनीति- लोकनीति यदि सही है तो देश में समाज का विकास होगा।
लोकगीत- लोकगीतों की परंपरा का पालन केवल गाँवों तक सीमित रह गया है।
लोकनृत्य- लोकनीति ग्रामीण संस्कृति का प्रतीक है।
लोकतंत्र- भारत में लोकतंत्र है।
अतिलघु उत्तरीय प्रश्नोत्तर
प्रश्न 1.लोकगीत किस अर्थ में शास्त्रीय संगीत से भिन्न है? उत्तर- लोकगीत अपनी सोच, ताजगी तथा लोकप्रियता की दृष्टि से शास्त्रीय संगीत से भिन्न है। इस गीत को गाने के लिए शास्त्रीय संगीत जैसी साधना की ज़रूरत नहीं होती है।
प्रश्न 2.लोकगीतों की क्या विशेषता है? उत्तर- लोकगीत सीधे जनता के गीत हैं। इसके लिए विशेष प्रयत्न की आवश्यकता नहीं पड़ती। ये त्योहारों और विशेष अवसरों पर साधारण ढोलक और झाँझ आदि की सहायता से गाए जाते हैं। इसके लिए विशेष प्रकार के वाद्यों की आवश्यकता नहीं होती।
प्रश्न 3.लोकगीत किससे जुड़े हैं? उत्तर- लोकगीत सीधे आम जनता से जुड़े हैं? ये घर, गाँव और नगर की जनता के गीत हैं।
प्रश्न 4.वास्तविक लोकगीतों का संबंध कहाँ से है? उत्तर- वास्तविक लोकगीतों का संबंध देश के गाँवों और देहातों से है।
प्रश्न 5.स्त्रियाँ लोकगीत गाते समय किस वाद्य का प्रयोग करती हैं? उत्तर- स्त्रियाँ प्रायः ढोलक की मदद से लोकगीत गाती हैं?
Q.1.Draw in your notebook the symbols to represent the following components of electrical circuits: connecting wires, switch in the ‘OFF’ position, bulb, cell, switch in the ‘ON’ position and battery. Ans.
Q.2.Draw the circuit diagram to represent the circuit shown in fig. 14.9. Ans.
Q.3.Fig. 14.11 shows four cells fixed on a board. Draw lines to indicate how you will connect their terminals with wires to make a battery of four cells. Ans.
Q.4.The bulb in the circuit shown in fig. 14.13 does not glow. Can you identify the problem? Make necessary changes in the circuit to make the bulb glow. Ans.Problem in this circuit is the combination of two cells. In the circuit positive terminal of one cell should be connected with negative terminal of other to make the bulb glow
Q.5. Name any two effects of electric current. Ans. Electric current has the following effect : (i) Electric current can give rise to heating and lighting. (ii) Electric current can convert a straight conductor into a temporary magnet.
Q.6.When the current is switched on through a wire, a compass needle kept nearby gets deflected from its north-south position. Explain. Ans. When current is passed through the wire, it deflects the compass near it from its north-south position like a magnet. This is called magnetic effect of the current. As we know that needle of the compass is made up of a thin magnet. When this needle comes in contact with another magnet then the like poles of the magnet repel each other and opposite poles attract each other. So the deflection is seen in the needle. In this case the wire behaves like a magnet and causes deflection in needle of the compass.
Q.7.Will the compass needle show deflection when the switch in the circuit shown by fig. 14.15 is closed? Ans. No, because there is no source of electric current in this circuit, i.e., there is no battery.
Q.8.Fill in the blanks: (a) Longer line in the symbol for a cell represents its ___________terminal (b) The combination of two or more cells is called a ____________. (c) When current is switched ‘on’ in a room heater, it ___________. (d) The safety device based on the heating effect of electric current is called a _____________.
Ans.(a) positive (b) battery (c) becomes red hot and emits heat (d) fuse.
Q.9.Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ it is a false: (a) To make a battery of two cells, the negative terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the other cell. [T/F] (b) When the electric current through the fuse exceeds a certain limit , the fuse wire melts and breaks. [T/F] (c) An electromagnet does not aatract a piece of iron. [T/F] (d) An electric bell has an electromagnet. [T/F] Ans. (a) F (b) T (c) F (d) T
Q.10. Do you think an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap? Explain. Ans. No, the plastic bags do not get attracted by the magnet, so they cannot be separated by an electromagnet. Plastic bags are not magnetic materials, only magnetic materials like iron can be attracted by the magnet.
Q.ll. An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a fuse by a piece of wire. Would you agree? Give reasons for your response. Ans. No, we would not agree to allow to replace the fuse by a wire. Wires in the fuses are of specific melting points. So wd should always use ISI marked fuses in our houses to prevent short circuits.
Q.12.Zubeda made an electric circuit using a cell holder shown in fig. 14.16, a switch and a bulb. When she put the switch in the ‘ON’ position, the bulb did not glow. Help Zubeda in identifying the possible defects in the circuit Ans. It is important to put the cells in right series. The positive terminal of the first cell should be connected with negative terminal of the second cell. The switch should be closed properly and bulb should not be fused. If Zubeda will check these then the bulb will certainly glow.
Q.13. In the circuit shown in fig. 14.17. Would any of the bulb glow when the switch is in the ‘OFF’ position? What will be the order in which the bulbs A, B and C will glow when the switch is moved to the ‘ON’ position?
Ans. No bulb will glow. All bulbs will glow simultaneously.
Page: 193 Question 1. How is our atmosphere different from the atmosphere on Venus and Mars? Answer: Our atmosphere contains a mixture of many gases like nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and water vapor (in varying proportion). Whereas the atmosphere on Venus and Mars is mainly comprised of carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide constitutes up to 95-97% of the atmosphere on Venus and Mars. It is supposed that due to this reason no life is known to exist on these planets.
Question 2. How does the atmosphere act as a bblanket? Answer: It is a known fact that, air is a bad conductor of heat and our atmosphere contains mainly the air. Due to this reason, the atmosphere keeps the average temperature of the Earth fairly steady during the day and even during the course of the whole year. The atmosphere prevents the sudden increase in temperature during the daylight hours and during the night, it slows down the escape of heat into outer space.
Question 3. What causes winds ? Answer: Winds are caused due to unequal heating of atmospheric air. This phenomena can be easily seen near coastal regions during the daytime. The air above the land gets heated faster and starts rising. As this air rises, a region Of low pressure is created and air over the sea moves into this area Of low pressure. The movement of air from one region to the other Creates winds. During the day, the direction of the wind would be from the sea to the land.
Question 4. How are clouds formed ? Answer:The water evaporates due to heating up Of water bodies and other biological activities. The air also heats and rises. On rising, it expands and cools to form tiny droplets. These droplets grow bigger, expand and form clouds. The collection Of dust and other suspended particles facilitate the process.
Page 194: Question 1. Why do organisms need water ? Answer: Organisms need water due to the following (i) All cellular processes take place in a water medium. (ii) All the reactions that take place within our body and within the cells occur between substances that are dissolved in water. (iii) Substances are also transported from one part of the body to the other in a dissolved form. (iv) Water makes up about 70% of body weight Of all living organisms. (v) It helps in the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients in the blood. Hence, organisms need to maintain the level of water within their bodies in order to stay alive. It helps in maintaining body temperature. Question 2. What is the major source of freshwater in the city/town/village where you live ? Answer: The major sources of freshwater in the city (town/ village is the underground water which is mostly taken out with the help of hand pumps or tube wells. The rivers flowing in the nearby areas, lakes and ponds also serve as the source of freshwater.
Question 3. DO you know any activity which may be polluting these water sources? Answer: There are many activities which cause pollution Of water sources such as : (i) Dumping of waste from factories, sewage from our towns and cities into rivers or lakes. (ii) Discharging hot water from cooling towers into the water bodies affect the breeding capacity of aquatic organisms.
Page 196 Question 1. How is soil formed ? Answer: The formation of soil takes place in this way : Over long periods of time, thousands and millions Of years, the rocks at or near the surface of the are broken down by various physical, chemical and some biological processes. The end product of this breaking down is the fine particles of soil. There are many other factors which play a vital role in the formation of soil. These factors are : (i) The Sun : It causes heating of rocks which causes cracking and ultimately breaking up into smaller pieces. (ii) Water: It breaks rocks both by freezing and fast flow. (iii) Wind : It causes erosion of rocks similar to as done by fast flowing water. It also carries sand from one place to the other like water does. (iv) Living organisms : Lichens and moss plants grow on the rock surface and cause rock surface to powder down and form a thin layer of soil. The roots of big trees sometimes go into cracks in the rocks and as the roots grow bigger, the crack is forced bigger.
Question 2.What is soil erosion ? Answer: The removal of topsoil which is rich in humus and nutrients by flowing water or wind is known as soil erosion. If this process continues further then all soil may get washed away and the rocks underneath may get exposed. It may lead to the loss of all valuable resources because nothing grows as such on the rocks.
Question 3. What are the methods of preventing or reducing soil erosion ? Answer: The methods of preventing soil erosion are : (i) Afforestation : Forests reduce erosion as the roots of trees hold the soil in place. (ii) Shelter belts : Trees planted in lines or hedges around farmland reduce erosion by reducing the speed of the wind. (iii) Contour ploughing : Farmers plough land so that furrows lie across the natural slope of the land. These furrows trap water and do not allow it to flow down carrying the topsoil. (iv) Terrace (or step) farming : A terraced hillside is less likely to be eroded than a natural hillside. Here a series of steps formed by horizontal strips supported by walls, catch the descending water. It gives the water sufficient time to percolate into the soil and nourish the crop. (v) Soil cover : Soil left bare after harvesting a crop is often covered with dried vegetation to prevent erosion. Steep slopes that cannot be ploughed are covered with grass or pasture crops. (vi) Preventing overgrazing : As the grass has a tendency to bind soil molecules, so even a very little grass on a field prevents erosion of soil. But if the grass is overgrazed, it exposes the soil to erosion.
Page 201 Question 1. What are the different states in which water is found during the water cycle? Answer: All three different states of water can be seen during the water cycle. These states are : (i) Gaseous state (In the form Of water vapour which evaporates from the surface water). Liquid state (It is formed by the condensation of water vapour and can be Seen in the form of rain). (ii) Solid state (It is formed by the freezing Of liquid droplets in the upper layer of atmosphere which can be seen in the form Of snow, hail Or sleet).
Question 2. Name two biologically important compounds that contain both oxygen and nitrogen Answer: Proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Question 3. List any three human Which would lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of air. Answer: Three human activities which would lead to an increase in the C02 content of air are : (i) Respiration : It is the natural process Of release Of C02 by both plants and animals. But this release is neither dangerous nor it has any adverse effect on our environment. (ii) Combustion of fuels : The various types of fuels are burnt to provide energy for various needs like heating, cooking, transportation and industrial fuels. (iii) Deforestation : Trees help in the conversion Of C02 into organic compounds such as glucose, starch, etc., by the process of photosynthesis. When these trees are cut non-judiciously, then the level of C02 increases in our environment.
Question 1. Why is the atmosphere essential for life (SAII – 2011) Answer: Atmosphere is essential for life because of the following masons : (i) It keeps the average temperature of the earth fairly steady during the day and even during the course of the whole year. (ii) It prevents the sudden increase in temperature during the daylight hours. (iii) It contains all the important gases which are required for sustaining life on earth. These gases are : (a) Oxygen for respiration of living organisms and oxidation. (b) Carbon dioxide for photosynthesis in plants and for making food. (c) Nitrogen for providing inert atmosphere and making proteins. (iv) The stratosphere region (16-23 km from the surface of Earth) of atmosphere contains a thick layer of ozone which filters the harmful UV radiation from Sun. If these radiations reach on the surface of Earth, then they may cause cancer in animals and are also harmful for plants.
Question 2. Why is water essential for life ? (SAII – 2011) Answer: Water is considered essential for life because of the following reasons : (i) All cellular processes take place in water medium. (ii) All the reactions that take place within our body and within the cells occur between substances that are dissolved in water. (iii) Substances are also transported from one part of the body to the other in a dissolved form. (iv) Water makes up about 70% of body weight of all living organisms. (v) It helps in the digestion of food and absorption Of nutrients in the blood. Hence, organisms need to maintain the level of water within their bodies in order to stay alive. (vi) It helps in maintaining body temperature.
Question 3. How are living organisms dependent on the soil? Are organisms that live in water totally independent Of soil as a resource ? Answer: Living organisms are dependent on the soil in the following ways : (i) Soil provides a natural habitat for various different organisms (such as bacteria, fungi, algae) which help in improving the quality of the soil. Thus, they maintain the fertility of the soil. (it) Number of insects, animals like rats, rabbits, etc., build their home in the soil. (iii) Earthworms perform all their activities in the soil. They maintain fertility also as their excreta is rich in nitrogen. (iv) Soil provides anchorage and nutrients to the plants for their growth and development. Yes, all organisms that live in water are totally dependent on soil as a resoure : The mineral nutrients are present in water in the dissolved form. But their recycling takes place only with the help Of decomposers which are present in the soil beds. Thus, all water bodies has soil beds which contain decomposers for the recycling of nutrients and to convert them into readily absorbable forms.
Question 4. You have seen weather reports on television and in newspapers. How do you think we are able to predict the weather? Answer: Weather observatories collect information regarding the pattern of temperature, speed of wind, air pressure, ocean features and all other features which can affect the weather. This information is collected by remote sensing and weather forecasting satellites. The information collected is then sent to the meteorological departments which prepare a weather report which is displayed on the maps. This information is further transmitted through radio and television.
