EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL
26/10/2021 CLASS-10 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SCIENCE
CHAPTER-14 SOURCES OF ENERGY
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Question 1
A solar water heater cannot be used to get hot water on
(a) a sunny day
(b) a cloudy day
(c) a hot day
(d) a windy day
Answer:
(b) A cloudy day.
Question 2
Which of the following is not an example of a biomass energy source ?
(a) Wood
(b) Gobar gas
(c) Nuclear energy
(d) Coal
Answer:
(c) Nuclear energy.
Question 3
Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored solar energy. Which of the following is not ultimately derived from the sun’s energy ?
(a) Geothermal energy
(b) Wind energy
(c) Nuclear energy
(d) Biomass
Answer:
(a) Geothermal energy.
Question 4
Compare and contrast fossil fuels and the sun as direct sources of energy Ans
Answer:
| Fossil fuels | Sun |
| (i) Non-renewable source of energy. | (i) Renewable source of energy. |
| (ii) Cause a lot of air pollution. | (ii) Pollution-free, doesn’t cause any pollution. |
| (iii) They will exhaust in future. | (iii) It is a non-exhaustible source. |
| (iv) Energy can be tapped throughout the year. | (iv) Energy cannot be tapped during night and cloudy and rainy days. |
Question 5
Compare and contrast biomass and hydro-electricity as sources of energy. Ans.
Answer:
| Biomass | Hydroelectricity |
| (i) Renewable source of energy. | (i) Renewable source of energy. |
| (ii) Biomass plants can be installed at any place to produce biomass as energy source. | (ii) Plants can be installed only at the places where dams can be constructed. |
| (iii) To collect waste materials is a tough and costly process. | (iii) Once the plants start to work, it is not difficult to collect water. |
Question 6
What are the limitations of extracting energy from
(a) the wind ?
(b) waves ?
(c) tides ?
Answer:
(a) Limitations of wind energy
(i) Wind energy farms cannot be established everywhere. The wind energy farms can be established only at those places, where wind blows for most part of the year.
(ii) The wind required for generating electricity should be strong and steady to maintain the desired level of generation. The minimum wind speed necessary for satisfactory working of the wind generator is about 15 km/h. This is not always so.
(iii) The wind energy farms require a large area of land.
(iv) The setting up of wind energy farms is very expensive.
(b) Limitations of wave energy : The harnessing of sea-waves energy would be a viable proposition only at those places where sea-waves are very strong. This has constraints of time and location.
(c) Limitations of tidal energy :
(i) There are very few sites around the world which are suitable for building tidal dams.
(ii) The rise and fall of sea-water during high and low tides is not enough to generate electricity on a large scale.
Question 7
On what basis would you classify energy sources as
(a) renewable and non-renewable ?
(b) exhaustible and inexhaustible ?
Are the options given in (a) and (b) the same ?
Answer:
(a) Renewable sources : The sources of energy which are being produced continuously in nature and are inexhaustible, are called renewable sources of energy. The energy derived from flowing water, wind, tides, ocean waves, or wood are examples of energy from such sources.
Non-renewable sources : These sources are produced over million of years under special conditions. Once consumed, these are not replaceable for a very long time. Fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas are non-renewable sources.
(b) Exhaustible sources are non-renewable sources, while inexhaustible sources are renewable sources.
Yes, the options given in (a) and (b) are the same.
Question 8
What are qualities of an ideal source of energy ?
Answer:
An ideal source of energy
- Must give an adequate amount of net energy.
- Must be convenient to use so as to give energy at a steady rate.
- Must be easy to store and transport.
Question 9
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a solar cooker ? Are there places where solar cookers would have limited utility ?
Answer:
Advantages of using solar cooker :
- The use of solar cooker for cooking food saves precious fuels like coal, kerosene and LPG.
- The use of solar cooker does not produce smoke due to which it does not pollute air.
- When food is cooked in solar cooker, its nutrients do not get destroyed. This is because in a solar cooker, food is cooked at a comparatively lower temperature.
- In a solar cooker, up to four food items can be cooked at the same time.
Disadvantages of using solar cooker :
- The solar cooker cannot be used to cook food during night because sunshine is not available at that time.
- If the day sky is covered with clouds, even then solar cooker cannot be used to cook food.
- The direction of reflector of solar cooker has to be changed from time-to-time to keep it facing the sun.
Sources of Energy - The box-type solar cooker cannot be used for baking (making chappattis, etc.) or for frying.
The places that receive rain most of the year or where the sky remains cloudy, the solar cooker has limited utility.
Question 10
What are the environmental consequences of the increasing demand for energy? What steps would you suggest to reduce energy consumption ?
Answer:
Some of the environmental consequences of the increasing demand for energy are the following :
- The combustion of fossil fuels is producing acid rain and damaging plants (crops), soil and aquatic life.
- The burning of fossil fuels is increasing the amount of greenhouse gas carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere. It has also affected the rainfall.
- The cutting down of trees from the forest for obtaining fire-wood is causing soil erosion and destroying wild life.
- The construction of hydro-power plants is disturbing ecological balance.
- Nuclear power plants are increasing radioactivity in the environment.
The following steps can be taken to reduce energy consumption :
- Switch off lights, fans, TV. and other such electrical appliances when not needed, to save electricity.
- Use energy efficient electrical appliances to save electricity. This can be done by using compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and tube lights in place of conventional filament- type electric bulbs.
- Good quality stoves should be used to burn fuels like kerosene and LPG so as to obtain maximum heat.
- Pressure cookers should be used for cooking food to save fuel.
- Solar cookers should be used to cook food whenever possible and solar water heaters should be used to get hot water.
- The use of biogas as fuel should be encouraged in rural areas.
- Bicycles should be used for short distances to save fuel like petrol which is used in cars, scooters and motorcycles.
Question 1
What is a good source of energy?
Solution:
A good source of energy would be one,
i) Which would do a large amount of work per unit volume or mass.
ii) Be easily accessible.
iii) Be easy to store and transport, and
iv) Perhaps most importantly, be economical.
Question 2
What is a good fuel?
Solution:
A good fuel would be one,
i) Which is easily available.
ii) It should not produce too much of smoke.
iii) On burning should release less amount of heat.
Question 3
If you could use any source of energy for heating your food, which one would you use and why?
Solution:
Solar energy can be used for heating food because it is easily available, it will not produce smoke and it will not release any amount of heat.
Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy PDF
Question 4
What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?
Solution:
Fossil fuels are non-renewable. Burning of coal or petroleum products causes the air pollution. The oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur that are released on burning fossil fuels are acid oxides. These lead to acid rain, which affects water and soil resources.
Question 5
Why are we looking at alternate sources of energy?
Solution:
The fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. So we need to conserve them. If we were to continue consuming these sources at such alarming rates, we would soon run out of energy. In order to avoid this, alternate sources of energy were explored.
Question 6
How has the traditional use of wind and water energy been modified for our convenience?
Solution:
The wind possesses kinetic energy. This energy was harnessed by windmills in the past to do mechanical work. Today, wind energy is also used to generate electricity.
Another traditional source of energy was the kinetic energy of flowing water or the potential energy of water at a height. Hydropower plants convert the potential energy of falling water into electricity.
Question 7
What kind of mirror – concave, convex or plane – would be best suited for use in a solar cooker? Why?
Solution:
Plane mirror would be best suited for use in a solar cooker. A plane mirror is used as a reflector. The reflector is used to increase the area over which the solar energy is collected so that more and more heat rays of the sun may enter the solar cooker.
Question 8
What are the limitations of the energy that can be obtained from the oceans?
Solution:
The energy from the oceans can be obtained mainly in three forms,
a) Tidal energy
b) Ocean waves energy
c) Ocean thermal energy
The energy potential from sea is quite large, but efficient commercial exploitation is difficult.
Question 9
What is geothermal energy?
Solution:
‘Geo’ means ‘earth’ and ‘thermal’ means ‘heat’. Thus the geothermal energy is the heat energy from the hot rock present inside the earth. This heat can be used as a source of energy to produce electricity.
Question 10
What are the advantages of nuclear energy?
Solution:
The advantages of nuclear energy is as follows,
(a) It generates electricity.
(b) Disease like cancer can be treated.
(c) It helps for the improvement in the agriculture and industry.
Question 11
Can any source of energy be pollution-free? Why or why not?
Solution:
Yes, Solar energy does not cause any pollution. Solar cells make use of the ‘everlasting solar energy’ and their use does not produce any environmental pollution.
Question 12
Hydrogen has been used as a rocket fuel. Would you consider it a cleaner fuel than CNG? Why or why not?
Solution:
Yes, hydrogen is a cleaner fuel than CNG because of its very high colorific value, hydrogen is an extremely good fuel.
Question 13
Name two energy sources that you would consider to be renewable. Give reasons for your choices.
Solution:
Hydro Energy and Solar Energy
Hydro energy or water energy is renewable source of electric energy, which will never get exhausted, since water is available in plenty.
Solar energy is also known as light energy, which is obtained from the sun and it will never get exhausted.
Question 14
Give the names of two energy sources that you would consider to be exhaustible. Give reasons for your choices.
Solution:
Coal and petroleum are the two energy sources that are considered to be exhaustible. They are non-renewable sources of energy and are present in a limited amount in the earth. Once exhausted, they will not be available to us again.
Question 15
A solar water heater can be used to get hot water on
(a) a sunny day.
(b) a cloudy day.
(c) a hot day.
(d) a windy day.
Solution:
(a) a sunny day.
Question 16
Which of the following is not an example of a bio-mass energy source?
(a) wood
(b) gobar-gas
(c) nuclear energy
(d) coal.
Solution:
(c) nuclear energy.
Question 17
Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored solar energy.
Which of the following is not ultimately derived from the Sun’s energy?
(a) geothermal energy
(b) wind energy
(c) nuclear energy
(d) bio-mass.
Solution:
(c) nuclear energy.
Question 18
Compare and contrast fossil fuels and the Sun as direct sources of energy.
Solution:
Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. These non-renewable sources of energy (like coal, petroleum, natural gas) are present in a limited amount in the earth. Once exhausted, they will not be available to us again.
The sun is the source of all energy. The sun is a renewable source of energy, provides us heat and light energy free of cost. The energy obtained from the sun is called solar energy. The energy coming from the sun contains heat rays, visible light, ultra-violet rays and some gamma rays.
Question 19
Compare and contrast bio-mass and hydro electricity as sources of energy.
Solution:
The waste material of living things and the dead parts of living things is called bio-mass. Bio-mass contains carbon compounds and it is the oldest source of heat energy for domestic purposes. The important examples of bio-mass being used as a fuel are wood, cattle dung and agriculture wastes like bagasse.
Hydropower plants convert the potential energy of falling water into electricity. Water energy is a renewable source of electric energy, which will never get exhausted. The construction of dams on rivers helps in controlling floods and in irrigation.
Question 20
What are the limitations of extracting energy from
(a) the wind?
(b) waves?
(c) Tides?
Solution:
a) There are many limitations in harnessing wind energy. Wind energy farms can be established only at those places where wind blows from the greater part of a year. The wind speed should also be higher than 15 Km/h to maintain the required speed of the turbine. There should be some back-up facilities to take care of the energy needs during a period when there is no wind.
b) The waves are generated by strong winds blowing across the sea. Wave energy would be a viable proposition only where waves are very strong.
c) Tidal energy is harnessed by constructing a dam across a narrow opening, the location where such dams can be built are limited.
