CLASS-9 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE CIVIC CHAPTER-5 WORKING OF INSTITUTION

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

12/02/2022      CLASS- 9  SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE CIVIC
CHAPTER-5
WORKING OF INSTITUTION   

______________________________________

1. TICK THE CORRECT OPTION :-

Question-1
If you are elected as the president of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Solution:
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

Question-2
Who among the following is a part of the political executive ?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Solution:
(c) Home Minister.

Question-3
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false ?
(a) Every law passed by the parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated.
Solution:
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.

Question-4
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Solution:
(d) The Parliament

Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released.

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(i) Ministry of Defence
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down.	(iii) Ministry of Health
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

Solution:

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the public distribution system will go down.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched	(iii) Ministry of Health
(e) The allowances of soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased	(i) Ministry of Defence

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.Name the three organs of the Government.
Answer:

• Executive
• Legislative
• Judiciary

Question 2.Who is the head of the state and the head of the government?
Answer:
The President is the head of the state whereas Prime Minister is the head of the government.

Question 3.What is a Parliament? Name the two houses of the Parliament.
Answer:
It is the supreme law making body of India. It has two Houses :

• Lok Sabha
• Rajya Sabha.

Question 4.What are institutions?
Answer:
The arrangements which are made in modern democracies to run the government.

Question 5.Name any three institutions responsible to run the democratic government in India.
Answer:

• The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
• The Civil Servant.
• The Supreme Court.

Question 6.Name the institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled.
Answer:
The Supreme Court.

Question 7.Why democratic governments insist on institutions? Give two reasons.
Answer:

• Institutions involve rules and regulations.
• Institutions bind the hands of the rulers as these involve meetings, committees and routines.

 Short Answer Type Questions

Question-1 Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Minister even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister in appointed by the president there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on the election.
Solution:
The most appropriate answer is (a).
This is because, in India, only the leader of the majority party/parties in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. Moreover, if the directly elected Prime Minister who does not have the support of the majority is appointed as the Prime Minister, there are chances that policies or laws suggested by him would not be passed in the Lok Sabha. This would lead to the government being run ineffectively.

Question-2 Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Solution:
I would choose to have a majority in the Lok Sabha, as the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha because:

1. If any law is not passed by both the houses, the final decision is taken in the joint session in which members of both the houses sit together but because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail.
2. The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters too. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money-related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it.
3. Most importantly, the Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have no confidence in the Council of Ministers, it has to quit, whereas the Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

Question3 A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Solution:
I would choose to have a majority in the mock Lok Sabha. This is because of the following reasons:

1. The leader of the Lok Sabha is directly answerable to the public, as they are directly elected by them.
2. Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the houses. However, in an undecided situation, the decision of Lok Sabha always prevails due to more members.
3. Lok Sabha exercises more power in cases related to money bills as they originate here.
4. The Council of Ministers is controlled by the Lok Sabha.
5. Lok Sabha has more powers compared to the Rajya Sabha.

CLASS-9 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-5 NATURAL VEGITATION AND WILDLIFE

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

27/01/2022      CLASS- 9   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE

CHAPTER-5
NATURAL VEGITATION AND WILDLIFE

______________________________________

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.The number of flowering plants in India is about _______ .
Answer:
15,000

Question 2.Name two non-flowering plants.
Answer:
Algae, fungi and ferns.

Question 3.The sandy soils of desert support _______ .
Answer:
Cactus and thorny bushes.

Question 4.Sundari trees are found in _______ .
Answer:
Tidal Forests

Question 5.A very large ecosystem on land having distinct type of vegetation and animal life is called _______ .
Answer:
Biome

Question 6.At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of _______ .
Answer:
Tundra vegetation

Question 7.The dry deciduous forests are found in areas having rainfall between _______ .
Answer:
100 cm and 70 cm

Question 8.The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by sea _______ .
Answer:
Tides

Question 9.Royal Bengal Tiger is found in _______ .
Answer:
Mangrove forests

Question 10.Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in India in _______ .
Answer:
1972

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.How do human beings influence the ecology of a region?
Answer:
Human beings influence the ecology of a region in the following ways :

• They utilise the vegetation and wildlife of a particular region.
• The greed of human beings leads to overutilisation of these resources.
• They cut trees and kill the animals, thereby, creating an ecological imbalance.

Question 2.What are endangered species? Give examples.
Answer:

• The plants and animals that are at the verge of extinction are called endangered species.
• Rhinoceroes, Great Indians bustards and tigers are some of the examples of endangered species of animals.

Question 3.Write a short note on the biodiversity in India.
Or
‘India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries of the world’. Explain

Answer:Our country India is one of the 12 mega bio-diversity countries of the worid. With about 47,000 plant species, India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity.

• There are about 15,000 flowering plants in India, which account for 6 per cent in the world’s total number of flowering plants.
• The country has many non-flowering plants, such as ferns,’algae and fungi. India also has 90,000 species of animals, as well as, a rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters.

Question 4.Discuss how flora and fauna are interrelated to each other.
Answer:
The interrelation between flora and fauna is as under :

• Flora refers to the autotrophs, i.e., producer of their own food themselves, while fauna refers to the heterotrophs, i.e., getting their food directly or indirectly from autotrophs.
• Food webs and food chains make ex-facie the interrelation between the flora and fauna.
• Flora provides food to all living organisms while fauna provides nutrients to the soil from its waste and decay.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Distinguish between the moist and dry deciduous forests.
Answer:

Moist Deciduous Forests	Dry Deciduous Forests
1. These are found in areas receiving annual rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm.	1. These forests are found in areas receiving annual rainfall between 70 cm and 100 cm.
2. Trees found in these forests are teak, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair and bamboos.	2. There are open stretches in which, teak, sal, peepal, neem, etc. grow.
3. These forests are generally found in Jharkhand, West Odisha, Chhattisgarh and on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.	3. These forests are found in the rainer parts of the peninsular plateau and the plains of U.R, and Bihar.

Question 2 Write a short note on thorny forests and scrubs.
Answer:
The thorny forest and scrubs are found in regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall, the natural vegetation consists of thorny trees and bushes. This type of vegetation is found in the north-western part of the country, including semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Acacias, palms, euphorbias and cacti are the main plant species. Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil to get moisture. The stems are succulent to conserve water. Leaves are mostly thick and small to minimise evaporation. These forests give way to thorn forests and scrubs in arid areas. In these forests, the common animals are rats, mice, rabbits, fox, wolf, tiger, lion, wild ass, horses and camels.

Question .3 Write three measures to conserve ecosystem.
Answer:
The measures to conserve ecosystem are :

• Deforestation has disturbed our ecosystem. It must be stopped forthwith.
• Indiscriminate killing of wild animals has distorted our ecosystem. Hence, killing of
  animals should be stopped immediately.
• Ecosystem can be conserved by developing more wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves.

Question. 4Why is conservation of wildlife very essential? Explain.
Answer:
The government has taken many special efforts to preserve endangered species of birds and animals. Periodic census is undertaken to find out the latest position and trends in this regard. The Project Tiger has been a great success. We have many tiger reserves in various parts of the country. Likewise, the Project Rhino is being implemented in Assam. The Indian Bustard of Rajasthan and Malwa Plateau are yet another endangered species. Even the number of lions had been dwindling for long. Conservation of wildlife is essential in order to protect the endangered species of birds and animals and also to maintain the ecological balance. The Government of India has so far set-up eighteen biosphere reserves.

CLASS-9 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE (FINALS-E) HISTORY CHAPTER-5 PASTORALISTS IN THE MODERN WORLD

  EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

25/01/2022      CLASS- 9   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SOCIAL SCIENCE

CHAPTER-5 
PASTORALISTS IN THE MODERN WORLD

______________________________________

1.Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.Who are nomads ?
Answer: Nomads are the people who move from one place to another in search of food and fodder.

Question 2.Name any two nomad communities of India.
Answer:

• Bakarwals
• Gaddi

Question 3.Mention the states to which the following communities belong:
(a) Gujjar Bakarwals (b) Gaddi
Answer:
(a) Jammu and Kashmir.
(b) Himachal Pradesh.

Question 4.Name any two pastoral communities of South India.
Answer:

• The Gollas
• The Kurumas.

Question 5.Who were the Dhangara ?
Answer:
The Dhangars were an important pastoral community of Maharashtra. Most of them
were shepherds, some were blanket weavers, and still others, were buffalo herders.

Question 6.How is movement of Dhangar different than that of Gujjars?
Answer:
Dhangar’s movement is guided by the annual cycle of monsoon whereas Gujjar’s movement depends upon change of season i.e winter and summer.

Question 7.Name any two pastoralist communities of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:

• Gollas
• Kurumas

Question 8.Name the act through whichuncultivated lands were taken over and given to select individuals.
Answer:
Waste Land Rules

Question 9.Name any two pastoral communities of the Himalayas which followed an annual pattern of cyclical movement.
Answer:

• Bhotiyas
• Sherpas
• Kinnauris
• Gujjars

2.Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.Explain the movement of the Gujjar Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir.

Answer:The Gujjar Bakarwals migrated to Jammu and Kashmir in the 19th century in search of pastures for their animals.
Winter : When the high mountains were covered with snow and there was lack of pastures at the high altitude, they moved to low hills of the Shiwalik. The dry scrub forests here provided pastures for their herds. By the end of April, they began their northern march for their summer grazing grounds.

Summer : With the onset of summer, the snow melted and the mountain sides became lush green. By the end of September, the Bakarwals started their backward journey.

Question 2.“Under the colonial rule, the life of pastoralists changed dramatically.” Mention any four factors responsible for this change.
    
Answer:

•  After colonialisation, their mobility was restricted. Now the people had limited area to move.
• The new rulers encouraged settlement which had an adverse impact on the herds and the people.
• The colonies were to be used as a source of raw material, so the new rulers encouraged commercial
  agriculture. The pastures were converted into big farms.
• To exploit the natural resources of their colonies, the European countries started building roads and railway tracks. This resulted in the loss of pastures.

Question 3.Why the Colonial government introduced the Waste Land Rules ? Explain the impact of Waste Land Rules on the pastoral communities.

Answer:
(a) Waste land Rules : Under this, uncultivated land was brought under cultivation.

CLASS-6 SUBJECT SCIENCE (FINALS.E) CHAPTER-5 SEPRATION OF SUBSTANCES

  EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

25/01/2022      CLASS- 6   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SCIENCE

CHAPTER-5

SEPRATION OF SUBSTANCES

______________________________________

1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) The method of separating seeds of paddy from its stalks is called .
(b) When milk, cooled after boiling, is poured onto a piece of cloth the cream (malai) is left behind on it. This process of separating cream from milk is an example of ______. 
(a) Salt is obtained from sea water by the process of ____________ .
(b) Impurities settled at the bottom when muddy water was kept overnight in a bucket. The clear water was then poured off from the top. The process of separation used in this example is called ____________.
Ans.
(a) threshing
(b)filtration
(b) evaporation
(d) sedimentation and decantation

2. True or false?
(a) A mixture of milk and water can be separated by filtration.
(b) A mixture of powdered salt and sugar can be separated by the process of winnowing.
(c) Separation of sugar from tea can be done with filtration.
(d) Grain and husk can be separated with the process of decantation.
Ans.
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False
(d) False

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is strainer?
Ans. Strainer is a kind of sieve which is used to separate a liquid from solid.

2. Name the method used to separate cream from curd.
Ans. Centrifugation.

3. How will you separate mango from a mixture of mango and apple?
Ans. By picking.

4. You are given a mixture of salt and sand. Can you separate them by picking?
Ans. No, we cannot separate them by picking.

5. Name the method used to separate the pieces of stone from grain.
Ans. Handpicking.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

l. What is mixture?
Ans. When two or more than two substances are mixed together in any ratio then it is called a mixture.

2. Write various methods of separation of components from their mixture.
Ans.

1. Handpicking
2. Threshing
3. Winnowing
4. Sedimentation
5. Decantation
6. Filtration
7. Evaporation
8. Condensation

3. Define the term handpicking.
Ans. The process used to separate slightly larger particles from a mixture by hand is called handpicking. For example: Stone pieces can be separated from wheat or rice by handpicking.

4. What do you mean by threshing? Where is it used?
Ans. Threshing is a process in which we separate grain from stalks. This process is used by farmer to separate gram, wheat, rice, mustard seeds in his field.

5. Write three methods of separation.
Ans. Handpicking, threshing and winnowing.

6. How will you separate oil and water from their mixture?
Ans. Oil, being lighter than water, will float on it. Two distinct layers are formed and slowly oil is allowed to flow into another container and is separated from water. Separating funnel can also be used to separate the two.

CLASS-6 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-5 MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

18/11/2021      CLASS- 6   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :  SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY)

CHAPTER-5 MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH
______________________________________

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What are the four major domains of the earth?
(b) Name the major continents of the earth.
(c) Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
(d) Name the different layers of the atmosphere.
(e) Why is the earth called the ‘blue planet’?
(f ) Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the land Hemisphere?
(g) Why is the biosphere important for living organisms?
Answers:
(a) Major Domains of the Earth

• Lithosphere
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Biosphere

(b) Major continents of the Earth

• Asia
• Europe
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Australia
• Antarctica

(c) Two continents lying entirely in the Southern hemisphere are:

• Australia and
• Antarctica

(d) Layers of (the) Atmosphere

• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere
• Exosphere

(e) The Earth is called the blue planet because,

• it is the only planet (so far) which has water,
• it looks blue from the sky because of presence of water on it.

(f) The Northern Hemisphere is called the Land Hemisphere because of the following reasons:

• Greater part of the landmass lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It is more than 70% of the total area.
• Water bodies area is smaller in this Hemisphere. It is only 30% of the total area of the Northern Hemisphere.

(g) Importance of Biosphere

• Biosphere sustains all life forms.
• It provides food to them.
• It provides stage to all forms of life to act upon.
• It should be pollution free because pollution is injurious to life forms.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is
(i) the Andes                         (ii) the Himalayas                        (iii) the Urals.

(b) The continent of North America is linked to South America by
(i) an Isthmus                        (ii)   a Strait                            (iii)   a Canal.

(c) The major constituent of the atmosphere by percent is
(i) Nitrogen                              (ii)   Oxygen                                  (iii)   Carbon dioxide.

(d) The domain of the earth consisting of solid rocks is
(i) the Atmosphere           (ii)   the Hydrosphere             (iii)   the Lithosphere.

(e) Which the largest continent?
(i) Africa                           (ii)   Asia                                 (iii)   Australia

Answers:
(a)—(iii)
(b)—(i)
(c)—(i)
(d)—(iii)
(e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

1. The deepest point on the earth is ……….. in the Pacific Ocean.
2. The……… Ocean is named after a country.
3. The……… is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life.
4. The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as…………….
5. The highest mountain peak on earth is…………….

Answers:

1. Mariana Trench
2. Indian
3. Biosphere
4. Eurasia
5. Everest

CLASS-8 SUBJECT GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-5 INDUSTRIES

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

11/11/2021      CLASS- 8   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :  SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY)

CHAPTER-5 INDUSTRIES
______________________________________

Question 1.Choose the correct option.
(i) What class of economic activities does manufacturing come under?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Primary as well as secondary

(ii) Which industry is the base of all other industries?
(a) Cotton textile industry
(b) Leather industry
(c) Iron and steel industry
(d) IT industry

(iii) What class of industries does Mamti Udyog come under?
(a) Joint sector
(b) Private sector
(c) Public sector
(d) Cooperative sector

(iv) Which of these factors affect the location of industries?
(a) Power
(b) Availability of raw material
(c) Transport
(d) All of these

(v) What process does the iron ore undergo in a blast furnace?
(a) Smelting
(b) Refining
(c) Extraction
(d) None of these

(vi) What is the output of iron and steel industry?
(a) Steel
(b) Pig iron
(c) Iron ore
(d) All of these

(vii) Which of these states has some major steel-producing centers?
(a) Punjab
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Maharashtra

(viii) What is the name of the place where TISCO began?
(a) Kharkai
(b) Calcutta
(c) Sakchi
(d) Rourkela

(ix) From where does the iron ore come to Pittsburgh?
(a) Silicon Valley
(b) Florida
(c) Minnesota
(d) Washington
Answer:
(i) (b), (ii) (c), (iii) (a), (iv) (d), (v)(a), (vi) (a), (vii) (b), (viii) (c), (ix) (c).

Question 2.
Fill in the blank spaces given to complete each sentence.

1. The river that provides sufficient water to Osaka’s textile industry is ………………..
2. On basis of raw materials used, industries are classified as and ………………
3. Basket-weaving, handicraft, and pottery are examples of …………… industries.
4. Factors affecting the location of industries are …………, ……………, …………, ……….. etc. (give any four)
5. Regions like the Mumbai-Pune cluster and Chhotanagpur industrial belt are important ……….. regions of India.
6. The process of smelting is done in a ………….
7. The four states where most steel-producing centres are located are and ………….
8. The first cotton textile mill was established in Ahmedabad in ………..
9. Silicon Valley is located near the …………….. Mountains.

Answer:

1. Yodo
2. agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based, forest-based
3. small-scale
4. power, raw material, labour, capital, market, transport, communication, etc.
5. industrial
6. blast furnace
7. West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh
8. 1859
9. Rocky

Question 3.
State whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F).

1. The leather industry is a forest-based industry.
2. Small capital and infrastructure characterize small-scale industries.
3. Milk dairies like Sudha Dairy are joint sector industries.
4. Raw materials are inputs into an industry’s manufacturing process.
5. Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate areas, near seaports and coal fields.
6. The iron and steel industry is a sunrise industry.
7. While smelting, heating is done beyond the melting point.
8. Alloying with other elements changes the properties of steel.
9. The nearest station to the Sakchi steel plant was Kalimati.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. True
9. True

Question 4.
Match the items given in Column I correctly with those given in Column II.

Answer:
(i) (b), (ii) (e), (iii) (a), (iv) (c), (v) (d).

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define industry.
Answer:
The industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or the provision of services.

Question 2.
Name three common methods of classifying industries.
Answer:
Industries are classified according to the raw material used, size, and ownership.

Question 3.
Expand the abbreviation AMUL. Where is its headquarters?
Answer:
Anand Milk Union Limited. Its headquarters are in Anand, Gujarat.

Question 4.
Name four common processes involved in the textile industry.
Answer:
Ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing are processes involved in the textile industry.

Question 5.
Name an industrial region in northern India.
Answer:
The Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region is an industrial region in northern India.

Question 6.
Name some elements alloyed with steel.
Answer:
Aluminium, nickel, and copper are elements that are alloyed with steel.

Question 7.
What products do industrial plants in Jamshedpur produce?
Answer:
Industrial plants produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural equipment, machinery, tinplate, etc.

Question 8.
What is the link between the mines and the industry in Pittsburgh?
Answer:
The Great Lakes of North America lying between the mines and industrial plants in Pittsburgh.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe briefly the classification of industries on basis of raw material used.
Answer:
On the basis of raw material used, industries are classified into agro, mineral, marine, and forest-based. The raw material of agro-based industries consists of plant and animal-based products. Some examples are food processing, cotton textile industry, and leather industry. The raw material used in mineral-based industries consists of mineral ores.

An example: iron and steel industry. Marine-based industries use products obtained from the sea and oceans as raw materials. Seafood industry is one such industry. A forest-based industry uses forest produce as raw material. Examples are the paper industry and furniture.

Question 2.
Describe briefly the classification of industries on basis of ownership.
Answer:
On the basis of ownership, industries are classified into the private sector, state-owned (public sector), joint sector, and cooperative sector. Private-sector industries are owned by individuals or a group of individuals. Public sector industries are owned by the government. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals. Maruti Udyog is an example of such an industry. Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. AMUL is one such industry.

Question 3.
Describe the inputs, processes, and outputs in an industrial system with an example.
Answer:
An industrial system consists of inputs, processes, and outputs. Raw materials, labour, costs, transport, power and infrastructure are inputs. In a cotton textile industry, for example, inputs are cotton, human labour, transport cost, etc. Processes are activities done to convert raw material into finished products. In a cotton textile industry, ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, etc process. The finished product and all profits earned are the outputs. In the cotton textile industry, the outputs are clothes we wear.

Question 4.
Give examples of industrial regions in India and the world.
Answer:
The major industrial areas of the world are eastern North America, western and central Europe, eastern Europe, and eastern Asia. In India, major industrial regions are the Mumbai-Pune cluster, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chhotanagpur industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region, and the Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster.

Question 5.
Write the properties and significance of steel.
Answer:
Steel has these properties: it is tough, it can easily be shaped (malleability), cut or made into wire (ductility). Adding certain other elements makes it harder, tougher, and rust-retention capability.

Steel is the backbone of the modern industry. We use a lot of steel objects in daily life. Ships, trains, and most other vehicles, tiny needles and safety pins, machinery and equipment, buildings, etc utilise steel as a main or sole constituent.