CLASS- 8 SUBJECT : CIVIC CHAPTER-3 WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT,

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

10/02/2022      CLASS- 8  SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : CIVIC
CHAPTER-3 
WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT,  

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Question 1.When did India become independent?
Answer:
On 15th August 1947.

Question 2.Which is the most important symbol of Indian democracy and a key feature of the Constitution?
Answer:
The Parliament is an important symbol and key feature of Indian democracy.

Question 3.What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
It means that all Adult Citizens of the country have the right to vote.

Question 4.In how many years is the Lok Sabha elected?
Answer:
Once in every 5 years.

Question 5.How many elected members are there in Lok Sabha?
Answer:
543 elected members

Question 6.Who selects ministers to work with him/her to implement decisions?
Answer:
The Prime Minister selects ministers.

Question 7.Which is the very important way through which the Parliament controls the executive? Answer:
During Question Hour MPs can elicit information about the working of the government.

Question 8.How are the marginalized given adequate representation?
Answer:
By reserving the seats in the Parliament, the marginalized are given adequate representation

Question Write a brief note on the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha.
Solution:
Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha functions primarily as the representative of the states of India, in the Parliament. There are 233 elected members plus 12 members nominated by the President. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of various states. The Rajya Sabha plays an important role of reviewing and altering the laws initiated by the Lok Sabha.
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha, known as the House of the People, with a total membership of 543, is presided over by the Speaker. The country is divided into 543 Lok Sabha constituencies. During a Lok Sabha election, people from different political parties stand for elections. Once elected, these candidates become Members of Parliament or MPs. These MPs together make up the Parliament.

CLASS-8 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-10 CIvic (Law and social Justice)

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

26/11/2021      CLASS- 8   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE 

CHAPTER-10 CIVIC 
LAW AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

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Question 1 What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India?
Solution:
India provides cheap labour compared to some other countries. Wages paid to workers in foreign countries are much higher than in India. For lower pay, foreign companies can get long hours of work. Additional expenses such as housing facilities for workers are also fewer in India. Thus, foreign companies can save costs and earn higher profits.

Question 2 Do you think the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice? Discuss.
Solution:
The victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy did not get justice. The disaster was caused due to gross neglect of safety measures by the management of the factory.

The government of India represented the people to legally claim compensation for the affected people. The government demanded $ 3 billion but had to accept a meager $ 470 million from the Company.
Today, 24 years after the disaster, people of Bhopal are still fighting for justice.

Question 3 What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement? Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important?
Solution:

1. When we speak of law enforcement, we mean that the provisions of the law must be applied to all and sundry without discrimination.
2. Government is responsible for law enforcement.
3. Rights of workers and citizens to be protected.
   • With more industries being set up by both Indians and foreign businesses, there is a greater need for stronger laws.
   • It is all the more important to safeguard our environment.

Question 4. How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair? Give two examples to support your answer.
Solution:
Law can ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair by ensuring the enforcement of the law in letter and spirit.

• Law against hoarding and black marketing must be enforced in such a way that stringent punishment is given to the violators of the law and the hoarded goods must be forfeited.
• Anti Child Labour Act must be enforced, not a single child must be allowed to work in shops, tea stalls, and restaurants.

Question 5 Write a paragraph on the various roles of the government that you have read about in this unit.
Solution:
The common man is exploited in most societies. When this happens it is the duty of the government to ensure that social justice prevails and all the citizens can establish their rights.

The government has passed many laws to guarantee that workers are not exploited by unscrupulous employers. Payment of Wages Act, 1936; Minimum Wages Act, 1948; Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 is some of the Acts that ensure that workers are not underpaid and exploited.

The government has passed the Factories Act, 1948. This Act regulates health, safety, welfare, and other working conditions of workers in factories. 

The Consumer Protection Act ensures that the consumer is not put to risk by the poor quality of products such as electrical appliances, food, and medicines. The Bureau of Indian Standards is a government organization that oversees the quality of products sold.

The government has also passed laws that ensure that essential products such as food grains, sugar, and kerosene are not highly-priced.

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, was passed to protect the environment and avert health hazards to human beings.

The Trade Unions Act, 1926 provides for registration of trade unions with a view to render lawful organisation of labour to enable collective bargaining.

Question 6 How was the environment treated earlier? What has been the change in perception?
Solution:
In 1984, there were very few laws to protect the environment in India. These few laws were not enforced strictly by the government. Industries discharged their waste into water bodies and made it unfit for consumption. The air was polluted with smoke that bellowed from the factories.

This pollution proved to be a health hazard for the people. The Bhopal disaster brought the issue of environmental pollution into focus.

The existing laws did not protect the common man from industrial disasters. Environmental activists insisted on new laws which will protect all the citizens from hazardous pollution of the environment. 

According to the new laws imposed by the government the polluter will be held accountable for the damage done to the environment.

The Right to Life is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Constitution and it includes the right to the enjoyment of pollution-free water and air for full enjoyment of life.

CLASS-8 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-9 CIVIC(PUBLIC FACILITIES)

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

25/11/2021      CLASS- 8   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE 

CHAPTER-9 CIVIC 
PUBLIC FACILITIES

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Question 1.Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?
Solution:
There are few cases of private water supply in the world, because:

1. Private company deals for profit in the market.
2. In the water facility, there is no profit or very less profit.
3. Private companies do not take interest in undertaking no profit or low-profit work.

Question 2.Do you think the water in Chennai is available and affordable by all? Discuss.
Solution:
Water is not equally available to all citizens in Chennai. Certain areas like Anna Nagar get copious water while areas like Saidapet receive very little water. Municipal supply meets only about half the needs of the people of the city, on an average. Areas that are close to the storage points get more water whereas colonies further away receive less water. The burden of shortfalls in water supply falls mostly on the poor.

The middle class, when faced with water shortages, are able to cope through a variety of private means such as digging bore wells, buying water from tankers, and using bottled water for drinking. The wealthy have safe drinking water, whereas the poor are again left out. In reality, universal access to ‘sufficient and safe’ water, in Chennai, is still a dream.

Question 3.How is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of groundwater? Can the government do anything in this regard?
Solution:
The sale of water by the farmer to the water dealers in Chennai affects the local people as this water is for irrigation as well for drinking for them. So the agricultural crops, as well as people, suffer. Moreover, groundwater levels have dropped drastically.

• Local people can and should object to such exploitation of groundwater.
• The government on their part should restrict the use of groundwater by the individual farmers according to their needs and make strict laws against overuse.

Question 4.Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?
Solution:
Because of the following reasons:

• In major cities life is fast. People could not wait for hours together standing in long queues as they have to do in government hospitals.
• They can afford it as they have money to spend.
• City people are more ambitious.
• They expect better facilities in private hospitals and private schools.
• In private schools, infrastructural facilities are more.

Question 5.Do you think the distribution of public facilities in our country is adequate and fair? Give an example of your own to explain.
Solution:
1. Distribution of public facilities such as the right to water, health, education, etc. in our country is not adequate and fair.
2. Major role of government is to ensure adequate public facilities for everyone.
3. But progress in this regard is far from satisfactory.
4. There are inequality and irregularity in the distribution of water supply.

• Compared to the metropolitan and big cities, towns and villages are provided low water supply.
• In comparison to wealthy localities, the poorer localities are under-serviced.
• People living in slums suffer a lot. They are provided with a very low water supply.

Question 6.Private educational institutions – schools, colleges, universities, technical and vocational training institutes are coming up in our country in a big way. On the other hand, educational institutes run by the government are becoming relatively less important. What do you think would be the impact of this? Discuss.
Solution:

• The government would withdraw from these activities or parents will send their children to private schools.
• Private agencies will be given a boost.
• The money would play an important role.
• Children from the deprived sections of the society would be at loss.
• Less qualified teachers would work in private institutions.
• Malpractices will be encouraged.

Class-7 Subject Social science (Civics) Chapter-2 Role of goverment in health

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

18/11/2021      CLASS- 7   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :  SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVICS)

CHAPTER-2 Role of goverment in health
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VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What do people in a democratic country expect the government?  [V. Imp.]
Answer: People in a democratic country expect the government to work for their welfare.

2. Where do most doctors prefer to settle?
Answer: Most doctors prefer to settle in urban areas.

3. Name some water-borne diseases.
Answer: Diarrhoea, worms, hepatitis.

4. What problem do rural people face whenever they come in a grip of an illness?
Answer: They have to travel long distances to reach a doctor.

5. What do we need to prevent and treat illnesses?
Answer: We need appropriate healthcare facilities such as health centres, hospital laboratories for testing, ambulance services, etc.

6. What do you mean by a public health care system? [V. Imp.]
Answer: This is a system of hospitals and health centres run by the government.

7. What happened to Hakim Sheik?
Answer: One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries.

8. Why did Hakim Sheik file a case in the court?
Answer: Hakim Sheik filed a case in the court because of the indifferent attitude of various government hospitals that refused to admit him.

9. Who got costly medical treatment—Aman or Raryan?
Answer: Ranjan got costly medical treatment.

10. What did the court ask the State Government in the Hakim Sheik case?
Answer: The court asked the State Government to give Hakim Sheik the money that he had spent on his treatment.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Define health from broader perspective. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The common definition of health is the ability of a person to remain free of illness and injuries. But health is not only about the disease. It is something more than that. Apart from disease, we need to think of other factors such as safe drinking water, clean surroundings, etc. because they affect our health in various ways. If people fail to get these basic amenities of life, they will fall ill. Being active and in good spirits are also an essential part of health. We also need to be without mental stress, because we cannot be healthy for a long time if we are under mental strain.

2. Mention some positive aspects of healthcare in India. [Imp.]
Answer: Some positive aspects of healthcare in India are:

1. India has a good number of doctors, clinics, and hospitals. It is among the largest producers of doctors.
2. Healthcare facilities have grown substantially over the years. The number of hospitals grew from 11,174 in 1991 to 18,218 in 2000.
3. India gets a large number of medical tourists from several countries. They come for treatment in some of the world-famous hospitals in India.
4. India is the fourth-largest producer of medicines in the world and also a large exporter of medicines.

3. What are the negative aspects of healthcare in India? [Imp.]
Answer: The negative aspects of healthcare in India are:

1. Rural people face the crisis of doctors because most doctors settle in urban areas. They have to travel long distances to reach a doctor.
2. About live lakh, people die from tuberculosis every year. Almost two million cases of malaria are reported every year.
3. Clean drinking water is not available to all. As a result poor people easily become prey to various waterborne diseases such as diarrhea worms, hepatitis, etc.
4. Half of all children in India do not get adequate food to eat and are undernourished.

4. Write down the main features of the public health system. [V. Imp.]
Answer: The main features of the public health system are:

1. It provides quality healthcare services either free or at a low cost so that even the poor can seek treatment.
2. It takes action to prevent the spread of diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, jaundice, etc. Time to time it takes up a campaign to see that mosquitoes do not breed in water-coders, rooftops, etc.
3. This system is available in both rural and urban areas.

5. What did the court say in the case of Hakim Sheik?
Answer: The court said that the difficulty that Hakim Sheik had to face could have cost him his life. If a hospital cannot provide timely medical treatment to a person, it means that the protection of life is not being given. The court also said that it was the duty of the government to provide the necessary health services, including treatment in emergency situations. Hospitals and medical staff must fulfill their duty of providing essential treatment. As various government hospitals refused to admit him, the State Government was asked to give Hakim Sheik the money that he had spent on his treatment.

CLASS-7 SUBJECT-SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVIC) CHAPTER-7 MARKET AROUND US

  EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

11/11/2021      CLASS- 7   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :  SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVIC)

CHAPTER-7 mARKET AROUND US
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I. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:-

1. Why is a weekly market called so?
Answer: A weekly market is called so because it is held a specific day of the week.

2. Why is there a competition among the shops in the weekly market? [V. Imp.]
Answer: In the weekly market there are many shops that sell the same goods. This creates competition among them.

3. Who is Scunner? What does he do?
Answer: Sameer is a small trader in the weekly market. He buys clothes from a large trader and sells them in six different markets in a week.

4. Give some examples of roadside stalls.
Answer: Vegetable hawker, fruit vendor, mechanic.

5. How are shops in the neighbourhood useful?
Answer: These types of shops are close to our home and we can go there any time. As the buyer and seller know each other these shops also provide goods on credit.

6. Where are the goods produced?
Answer: Goods are produced in factories, on farms, and in homes.

7. Why do we not buy directly from the producer?    [V. Imp.]
Answer: It is because the producer is not interested in selling goods in small quantities. 9*

II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:-

1. Write in brief about shopping complexes and malls.
Answer: Shopping complexes and malls are usually found in urban areas. These are large multi-storeyed air-conditioned buildings with shops on different floors. These shops sell both branded and non-branded goods. Fewer people visit malls because they sell costly items. Only well-to-do people can afford to buy these items.

2. What is the job of a wholesale trader?  [V. Imp.]
Answer: A wholesale trader buys goods from the producer in large quantities. He then sells them to other traders, say small traders. These small traders sell different items to the final consumer. Thus, the wholesale trader establishes link between the producer and the consumer. It is through these links of traders that goods reach faraway places.

3. How are shop owners in a weekly market and those in a shopping complex very different people?  [V. Imp.]
Answer: Both are undoubtedly different people.
(a) The shop owners in a weekly market are small traders who run their shop with little money. On the other hand, the shop owners of a shopping complex are big parties. They have a lot of money to spend on their shops.

(b) What these two types of shop owners earn is also not equal. The weekly market trader earns little compared to the profit of a regular shop owner in a shopping complex.

4. Write a brief note on ‘Aftab—the wholesaler in the city’.
Answer: Aftab is a wholesaler of vegetables. His work usually starts at around 2 o’clock in the early morning. This is the time when vegetables reach the market or mandi and with them start the activities. The vegetables come in trucks, matadors, etc. and soon the process of auctions begins. Aftab participates in this auction and decides what he will buy. He buys vegetables in bulk. After that, he sells them to hawkers and shopkeepers who usually come to him around six in the morning.

Class-7 Subject:Social Science (CIVIC) Chapter-6 Understanding Media

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

05/10/2021      CLASS-7     SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SOCIAL SCIENCE(CIVIC)

CHAPTER-6
UNDERSTANDING MEDIA

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1. In what ways does media play an important role in a democracy?

Answer: Media play an important role in democracy in the following ways:

1. They make the masses know about certain issues/problems.
2. They propagate the policies and programmes of the government.
3. They also criticise the unpopular policies and programmes of the government.
4. They help in forming the opinion of the masses.
5. They also report various crimes and mishappenings, accidents, etc.
6. The media also announce the opinions of the public about certain issues/problems etc.

2. Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

Answer:  A title to the above diagram may be given like this—Media and Big Business Houses. Big Business Houses attract people to promote their products through media. It is the best and the cheapest means to reach people at large.

3. You have read about the ways in which the media ‘sets the agenda’. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples to support your point of view.
Answer:
Media “setting an agenda” has an impact on democracy.

1. By focusing on a particular issue the media influences our thoughts and feelings.
2. It brings the core issues to light and sometimes even helps get justice for people.
3. By setting an agenda, media creates awareness about certain wrongs or the illegal activities happening in the society and makes the government take action.
4. Sometimes due to government pressure or due to the influence of big business houses, the balanced may not come out.
5. For example: During and after the Commonwealth games media focused on the corruption in giving out the projects, more recently the “Coalgate” issue.
6. Bring to light the amount of money secretly stashed in Swiss banks.

4. As a class project, decide to focus on a particular news topic and cut out stories from different newspapers on this. Also, watch the coverage of this topic on TV news, compare two newspapers and write down the similarity—and differences in their reports. It might help to ask the following questions:
(a) What information is this article providing?
(b) What information is it leaving out?
(c) From whose point of view is the article being written?
(d) Whose point of view is being left out and why?
Answer: Students are suggested to do this project themselves.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Name various forms of communication.
Answer: Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet.

2. What does the word ‘media’ mean?
Answer: Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, and several other forms of communication are collectively known as media.

3. Mention any one positive aspect of television.
Answer: Television has enabled us to think of ourselves as members of a larger global world.

4. Mention one way in which the mass media earns money.
Answer: The mass media earns money by advertising different things like cars, clothes, tea, etc.

5.Why are some advertisements shown repeatedly on the television screen?  [V. Imp.]
Answer: Same advertisements are shown repeatedly on the television screen just to make people’s minds to go out and buy what is advertised.

6. What are the various ways through which people express their dissatisfaction to any of the government’s decision which does not go in their favour?
Answer: They do so by writing letters to the concerned minister, organising a public protest, starting a signature campaign and asking the government to rethink its programme, etc.

7. What do you mean by a balanced report? [V. Imp.]
Answer: A balanced report is one that discusses all points of view of a particular story and then leaves it to the readers to make up their minds.

8. Why is it necessary for the media to be independent?
Answer: Only then media can write a balanced report.

9. Why does media sometimes focus on a particular aspect of a story?
Answer: It is because the media believes that this will make the story interesting.

10. What does the media’s close relationship with business often mean?
Answer: It means that the media will fail to give a balanced report.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. How has television brought the world closer to us?
Answer: Television images travel huge distances through satellites and cables. This allows us to view news and entertainment channels from other parts of the world. We see cartoons on our television set which are mostly from Japan and the United States. We can be sitting in Delhi and can see images of Barak Obama’s oath ceremony in the United States. Thus, television has enabled us to think of ourselves as members of a larger global world.

2. Most television channels and newspapers are part of big business houses. Why? 
Answer: The technologies that mass media use keep changing and so a lot of money is spent on getting the latest technology. The TV studio in which the newsreader sits has lights, cameras, sound recorders, transmission satellites etc. All of these cost a lot of money.

One thing more, it is not only the newsreader who needs to be paid but also a number of other people who help put the broadcast together. Due to these costs, mass media needs a great deal of money to do its various works. As a result, most television channels and newspapers are part of big business houses.

CLASS-8 SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-2 UNDERSTANDING SECULARISM

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

05/10/2021      CLASS-8     SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SOCIAL SCIENCE(CIVIC)

CHAPTER-2
UNDERSTANDING SECULARISM

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I. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which one is a correct statement with regard to Saudi Arabia?
(a) Non-Muslims can gather in a public place for prayer.
(b) They cannot build a temple, church, etc.
(c) They can live in their own way.
(d) None of the above

(ii) The most important aspect of secularism is its …………
(a) separation of religion from State power
(b) separation of politics from religion
(c) separation of one community from another
(d) mixing of religion with State power

(iii) The government cannot force Sikhs to wear a helmet while driving two-wheelers because ………..
(a) Sikhs are very powerful
(b) they do not obey government rules
(c) they look handsome in pagri
d) wearing a pagri is a very important part of Sikh religion
(iv) In American secularism, there is a …………
(a) the strict separation between religion and the State
(b) the loose separation between religion and the State
(c) the strict mingling of religion with the State
(d) the strict rule that contracts all religions
Answer:
(i) (b), (ii) (a), (iii) (d), (iv) (a).

II. Fill in the Blanks.appropriate words to complete each sentence.

1. The intervention of the State can also be in the form of ………….
2. In the United States of America, most children in government schools have to begin their school day reciting the
3. ‘Pledge of ……………….
4. The most important aspect of secularism is its separation of religion from …………. power.
5. Government schools don’t celebrate any ………….. festivals on the school premises.
6. The Indian State is not ruled by a ……………….. group and nor does it …………… any one religion.

Answer:

1.support  3.Allegiance  4.state 5.religious 6.religious, support

III. True/False

State whether each of the following statements is True or False.

1. In Indian secularism, the State is not strictly separate from religion.
2. Wearing a pagri is central to a Sikh’s religious practice.
3. Government schools can promote any one religion.
4. The Indian Constitution does not grant religious communities to set up their own schools and colleges.
5. In Indian secularism, the State cannot intervene in religion.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False

IV. Matching Skills

Match the items given in Column A correctly with those given in Column B.

Answer:
(i) (d), (ii) (e), (iii) (a), (iv) (b), (v) (c).

I. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What examples does history provide us on the grounds of religion?
Answer:
History provides us with several examples of discrimination, exclusion, and persecution on the grounds of religion.

Question 2.What happened in the Jewish state of Israel?
Answer:
Muslim and Christian minorities were treated badly in the Jewish state of Israel.

Question 3.How are non-Muslims treated in Saudi Arabia?
Answer:
In Saudi Arabia, non-Muslims are not allowed to build a temple, church etc. They also cannot gather in a public place for prayers.

Question 4.What does the term ‘secularism’ refer to?
Answer:
The term ‘secularism’ refers to the separation of the power of religion from the power of the State.

Question 5.What do you mean by the freedom to interpret’?
Answer:
‘Freedom to interpret’ means an individual’s liberty to develop his own understanding and meaning of the religion that one practices.

Question 6.Why cannot government schools celebrate religious festivals?
Answer:
Government schools cannot celebrate religious festivals because it will be a violation of the government’s policy of treating all religions equally.

Question 7.Why is Paramjit allowed to drive in pagri?
Answer:
Paramjit is a Sikh youth and for him wearing a pagri is a very important part of his religion.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.Why is it important to separate religion from the State? Explain with examples.
Answer:
There are two main reasons why the separation of religion from the State is important:

The first is to prevent the domination of one religion over another. Example: Almost all countries of the world will have more than one religious group living in them. Within these religious groups, there will most likely be one group that is in a majority. If this majority religious group has access to State power, then it could quite easily use this power and financial resources to discriminate against and persecute persons of other religions. This would violate Fundamental Rights.

Question 2.What are the three objectives of a secular State?
Answer:
The three objectives of a secular State are:

• One religious community does not dominate another.
• Some members do not dominate other members of the same religious community.
• The State does not enforce any particular religion nor does it take away the religious freedom of individuals.

Question 8.How is Indian secularism different from that of American secularism?
Answer:
Unlike Indian secularism, there is a strict separation between religion and the State in American secularism.

Question 9.What is meant by ‘principled distance’?
Answer:
This means that any interference in religion by the State has to be based on the ideals laid out in the Constitution.

Class-8 Subject:Social Studies (civic) chapter-9 Public Facilities

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

01/10/2021      CLASS-8     SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVIC)

CHAPTER - 9
PUBLIC FACILITIES

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Question 1.Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?

Solution:
There are few cases of private water supply in the world, because:

1. Private company deals for profit in the market.
2. In the water facility, there is no profit or very less profit.
3. Private companies do not take interest in undertaking no profit or low-profit work.

Question 2.Do you think the water in Chennai is available and affordable by all? Discuss.
Solution:
Water is not equally available to all citizens in Chennai. Certain areas like Anna Nagar get copious water while areas like Saidapet receive very little water. Municipal supply meets only about half the needs of the people of the city, on an average. Areas that are close to the storage points get more water whereas colonies further away receive less water. The burden of shortfalls in water supply falls mostly on the poor.

The middle class, when faced with water shortages, are able to cope through a variety of private means such as digging bore wells, buying water from tankers, and using bottled water for drinking. The wealthy have safe drinking water, whereas the poor are again left out. In reality, universal access to ‘sufficient and safe’ water, in Chennai, is still a dream.

Question 3.How is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of groundwater? Can the government do anything in this regard?
Solution:
The sale of water by the farmer to the water dealers in Chennai affects the local people as this water is for irrigation as well for drinking for them. So the agricultural crops, as well as people, suffer. Moreover, groundwater levels have dropped drastically.

• Local people can and should object to such exploitation of groundwater.
• The government on their part should restrict the use of groundwater by the individual farmers according to their needs and make strict laws against overuse.

Question 4.Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?
Solution:
Because of the following reasons:

• In major cities life is fast. People could not wait for hours together standing in long queues as they have to do in government hospitals.
• They can afford it as they have money to spend.
• City people are more ambitious.
• They expect better facilities in private hospitals and private schools.
• In private schools, infrastructural facilities are more.

Question 5.Do you think the distribution of public facilities in our country is adequate and fair? Give an example of your own to explain.
Solution:
1. Distribution of public facilities such as the right to water, health, education, etc. in our country is not adequate and fair.
2. Major role of government is to ensure adequate public facilities for everyone.
3. But progress in this regard is far from satisfactory.
4. There are inequality and irregularity in the distribution of water supply.

• Compared to the metropolitan and big cities, towns and villages are provided low water supply.
• In comparison to wealthy localities, the poorer localities are under-serviced.
• People living in slums suffer a lot. They are provided with a very low water supply.

Examples

• The posh colonies of Delhi like Anand Niketan have all modern facilities and these facilities are sophisticated.
• Public facilities are lacking in unauthorized colonies.

Question 6.Private educational institutions – schools, colleges, universities, technical and vocational training institutes are coming up in our country in a big way. On the other hand, educational institutes run by the government are becoming relatively less important. What do you think would be the impact of this? Discuss.
Solution:

• The government would withdraw from these activities or parents will send their children to private schools.
• Private agencies will be given a boost.
• The money would play an important role.
• Children from the deprived sections of the society would be at loss.
• Less qualified teachers would work in private institutions.
• Malpractices will be encouraged.