Class-6 Subject-CIVIC CHAPTER-8 RURAL LIVELIHOODS

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

07/09/2021                        CLASS-6                  SESSION 2021-22

CIVICS (CHAPTER-8)

 RURAL LIVELIHOODS 

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Question 1.Describe the work that you see people doing in the pictures (given in the textbook page 67).

Answer:
The work that people are doing includes:

1. Labourers, carrying lorids
2. Mansions
3. Hawker
4. Fishing
5. Plucking fruits and vegetables
6. People supervising the work in the field
7. Labourers working in the fields

Question 2.Identify the different type of work that/are related to farming and those that are not. List this in a table.
Answer:

Work-related to farming	Work not related to agriculture
1) labourers working in the fields 2) plucking fruits and vegetables	1) labourers carrying loads 2) mansions 3) Hawkes 4) fishing

Question 3.In your notebook draw some pictures of work that you have seen people do in rural areas and write a few sentences that describe the work.
Answer:
Students do it yourself.

Page 69

Question 1.Describe the work that Thulasi does. How is it different from the work Raman does?
Answer:
(1) Thulasi works in the paddy field from 8.30 in the morning till 4.30 in the evening. She transplants the paddy when they have grown a little.

(2) She does all the work at home like cooking, cleaning the house and washing clothes. She goes to the nearby forest to collect firewood arid fetch water.

1. Raman is a labourer. He sprays pesticide on the sapling.
2. When there is no work on the farm, he finds work loading sand from the river or stone from the quarry.
3. He also helps to get grocery for the household.

Question 2.Thulasi gets paid very little money for the work she does. Why do you think agricultural labourers like her are forced to accept low wages?
Answer:
Agricultural labourers are forced to work for very little wages because there is no other kind of work in the village. Secondly, the labourers have the assurance that they will be again called back to work.

Question 3.In what ways would her way of earning a living have been different if Thulasi owned some farmland? Discuss.
Answer:
If Thulasi had owned some farmland she would have cultivated her field, with little outside help at the time of harvesting. The whole produce and the money she got after selling would have belonged to her. If she had purchased seeds and fertilizers from the traders on loan, she will have to pay it back.

Question 4.What are the crops grown in your region or nearby rural area? What kinds of work do agricultural labourers do?
Answer:
Rice is cultivated in my region. The labourers do the following work: ploughing the field, planting the sapling, filling the fields with water, transplanting the sapling, weeding and harvesting.

Page 

Question 1.What work does Sekar’s family do? Why do you think Sekar does not usually employ labourers for doing farming work?
Answer:
Sekar’s family work in the field, cultivating and growing crops. Sekar does not usually employ labourers for doing farming work because he owns a very small plot of land and it is cultivated by him and his family. If outside help is needed at the time of harvesting, he exchanges his labour with the other farmers.

Question 2.Why does Sekar not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy?
Answer:Sekar does not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy because he gets about 60 bags of paddy. Some of this will be sold to settle the loan and the rest will be used in his home. He does not have a surplus.

Question 3.What are the similarities and differences between Sekar and Thulasi’s lives? Your answer could be based on the land that they have, their need to work on the land, that belongs to others or loans that they need and their earnings.
Answer:
The differences between Sekar and Thulasi’s lives are:

Sekar	Thulasi
He owns a plot of land which is about 2 acres and works on his own.	She does not own way plot of land she works for big landowners.
He takes loans from the traders and to pay back the loans, he was to sell the paddy at a lower piece.	When Thulasi took a loan, because her daughter was ill, she had to sell her cow.

Similarities:
(1) Both are labourers and work on the land. They work from morning till evening in the paddy fields. They have to take loans.
(2) Both have to work to get additional money. Sekar works for Ramalingam and Thulasi has to do all household chores like collecting firewood and fetching water.

Question 4.
Read about Sekar and Thulasi’s account. What do they say about Ramalingam the large fanner? Together with what you have read, fill in the details below.

(1) How much laud does he has?
Answer:
Ramalingam owns about 20 acres of paddy fields in Kalpattu.

(2) What does Ramalingam do with the paddy grown on his land?
Answer:
The paddy is used to produce rice in the rice mill, which is then sold to the traders in nearby towns.

(3) Apart from fanning how else does he earn?
Answer:
The other sources of his earnings are

1. He gives loans to poor people and gets interested.
2. He owns a rice mill and buys paddy from within the village and surrounding villages and profits are earned.
3. He also owns a shop which sells seeds, pesticides etc.

Page 72

Question 1.
From the figures given in the textbook, page 72, would you say that majority of the country’s farmers are quite poor? What do you think can be done to change this situation?
Answer:
In India, about 2/5 rural families are agricultural labourers and what they earn is not sufficient to meet the expenses of the family. To improve their condition the government has to take necessary steps, e.g., to provide land, provide a credit on easy terms and give a high yielding variety of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc., help them in marketing their produce.

Page 74

Question 1.
Why do both Sekars and Arana’s families have to borrow? What similarities and differences do you find?
Answer:
Both Sekar’s and Aruna’s families have to borrow because Sekar’s family owns about 2 acres of land and produces about 60 bags of paddy, which is not sufficient for his family. So he has to borrow money. Aruna’s family has to borrow money because four months in a year are the breeding season and men cannot go to the sea.

Similarities :

1. Both have to work very hard, from morning till evening to earn their living.
2. Both are under the clutches of the traders, from whom they have borrowed money.

Differences :

1. Sekar is a small farmer and Aruna is a fisher-woman.
2. Sekar has to do additional work.

Question 2.
Have you heard of a Tsunami? What is this and what damage do you think it might have done to the life of fishing families like Aruna’s?
Answer:
Tsunami is a Japanese word. It is made of two smaller words ‘Tsu’ and ‘Nami’. It is a killer wave. When the waves reach the coast, they gain both in height and speed. They cause wide destruction, wash away the villages. The villages are flooded with water debris floating on the water. It takes away everything which comes in its way.

The fishermen who live near the coast may have lost the huts and belongings. Many family members lost their lives and many children were either, orphaned or separated from their family.