EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL
Multiple Choice
Questions
1. Who, among the following, hosted the Congress at Vienna in 1815.
(a) King of the
Netherlands
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Duke Metternich (√)
(d) Otto von Bismarck
2. Which one of the following is true about the ‘Treaty of Constantinople’ in 1832.
(a) It recognised
Turkey as an independent nation.
(b) It recognised
Greece as an independent nation. (√)
(c) It recognised
Germany as an independent nation.
(d) It recognised
France as an independent nation.
3. Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’.
(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini(√)
(c) Metternich
(d) Johann Gottfried
Herder
Or
Who among the following took power in the Southern part of Vietnam after the division of the country?
(a) Ngo Dinh Diem(√)
(b) Ho Chi Minh
(c) Bao Dai
(d) NLF
4. Which one of the
following types of government was functioning in France before the revolution
of 1789?
(a) Dictatorship
(b) Military
(c) Body of French Citizen
(d) Monarchy(√)
Or
Who among the
following was known as ‘Colons’
(a) French citizens
living in Vietnam(√)
(b) French citizens
living in France
(c) Educated people
of Vietnam
(d) Elites of Vietnam
5. Which one of the following statements is false regarding the Act of Union 1707?
(a) It was an
agreement between England and Scotland.
(b) It was an
agreement between England and Ireland. (√)
(c) It resulted in
the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’.
(d) It gave England
control over Scotland.
6. Which one of the following states was ruled by an Italian princely house before the unification of Italy?
(a) Kingdom of Two
Sicilies
(b) Lombardy
(c) Venetia
(d) Sardinia-Piedmont(√)
7. Which one of the following statements is not true about Giuseppe Mazzini?
(a) He wanted the
united Italian Republic.
(b) He founded an
underground society called ‘Young Italy’.
(c) He wanted Italy
to be a monarchy. (√)
(d) He was exiled for
attempting a revolution in Liguria.
8. Who said, “when
France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold”?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Mazzini
(c) Metternich(√)
(d) Bismarck
9. Which treaty
recognised Greece as an independent nation?
(a) Treaty of
Versailles
(b) Treaty of Vienna
(c) Treaty of
Constantinople(√)
(d) Treaty of
Lausanne
10. Who was
responsible *for the Unification of Germany?
(a) Bismarck(√)
(b) Cavour
(c) Mazzini
(d) Garibaldi
11. Which area was
known as the powder keg of Europe?
(a) Germany
(b) Italy
(c) Balkans(√)
(d) Ottoman Empire
12. Elle, the measuring
unit in Germany was used to measure
(a) cloth(√)
(b) thread
(c) land
(d) height
13. Zolleverin
started in 1834 in Prussia refers to a
(a) Trade Union
(b) Customs Union(√)
(c) Labour Union
(d) Farmer’s Union
14. The Ottoman
Empire was ruled by the emperor of
(a) Turkey(√)
(b) Russia
(c) Britain
(d) Prussia
15. At which of the
following places was the Frankfurt Assembly convened
(a) at the church of
St. Paul.
(b) at the church of
St. Peters.
(c) at the palace of
Prussia.
(d) at the Hall of
Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles. (√)
Question 1(a) Write a note on Giuseppe Mazzini.
Solution:
1. Giuseppe Mazzini (1807-1872) was an Italian
politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and
spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about
the independent and unified Italy in place of several separate states, many
dominated by foreign powers.
2. He also helped define the modern European
movement for popular democracy in a republican state.
3. Mazzini was a fervent advocate of republicanism
and envisioned a united, free and independent Italy.
4. Unlike his contemporary Garibaldi, who was also
a republican, Mazzini never compromised his republican ideas and refused to
swear an oath of allegiance to the House of Savoy.
5. Mazzini was the spiritual force of the Italian
resurrection. He joined the Carbonari, a revolutionary organization and was
arrested in 1830. He was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in
Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first – Young
Italy in Marseilles and then Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-
minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states.
Question 1(b)Write a
note on Count Camillo de Cavour.
Solution:
1. Cavour was a realist who practiced realistic
politics. He allied with France when necessary and with France’s key enemy,
Prussia, was necessary.
2. Cavour used international power to achieve his
domestic goals.
3. He devoted himself to the liberation of
northern Italy from Austrian domination. A brilliant and steadfast diplomat, he
played a leading role in the unification of Italy.
4. He was distrustful of the reactionary politics
in force throughout Europe, particularly their manifestation in the repressive
rule of Austria over a large area of Italy.
5. He became Prime Minister of Piedmont in 1852.
He reorganized its army and it achieved rapid growth in material prosperity.
Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded
in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
Question 1(c)Write a note on The Greek war of independence.
Solution:
1. Events: Greece had been part of the Ottoman
Empire since the 15th century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in
Europe sparked off a struggle for independence among st the Greeks which began
in 1821.
2. The object of the struggle was to expel Turks
from Europe and to establish old Greek eastern empire.
3. Nationalists in Greece were supported by other
Greeks living in exile and many West European countries.
4. Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle
of European civilisation. They mobilised public opinion to support its struggle
against a Muslim empire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later
went to fight in the war.
5. Ultimately, the Treaty of Constantinople of
1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation. Its independence was
guaranteed by Russia, England and France.
Question 1(d)Write a note on Frankfurt parliament.
Solution:
1. Frankfurt Parliament (1848-49) was convened at
Frankfurt on May 18, 1848 as a result of the liberal revolution that swept the
German states early in 1848.
2. Its purpose was to plan the unification of
Germany.
3. The conflict among the traditionally separate
German states, notably Austria and Prussia made progress difficult.
4. In March 1849 the parliament adopted a federal
constitution of German states, excluding Austria, with a parliamentary
government and a hereditary emperor. Frederick William IV of Prussia was chosen
emperor but he refused to accept the crown from a popularly elected assembly
and the entire scheme failed.
5. Most of the representatives withdrew and the
remainder were dispersed. The parliament, therefore, accomplished nothing as
troops were called and the assembly was forced to disband.
Question 1(d)Write a note on The role of women in national struggles?
Solution :
The role of women in nationalist struggles. Women played a very important role in nationalist struggles all over the world. They participated equally mostly in every movements. They faced torture of police but still they stood by their male counterparts. A large number of women participated actively in the political matters over the year. Sometimes they led the movements also, formed many political associations, founded newspapers and took part in political meetings and demonstrations. The most famous example is the French revolution where women participated equally as men. Liberty is personified as a women and also liberal nationalism proposed the idea of universal suffrage, leading to women's active participation in nationalist movements in Europe. So, on 18 May 1848, when the Constitution was drafted in the Frankfurt Parliament the controversial issue of the extending political rights to women was raised. Still women were deprived of suffrage during the election of the assembly and they were admitted in the Frankfurt Parliament Assembly only as spectators. But this did not diminish their contribution to the national struggle. Delphine De Girardin, an educated woman, criticized by saying that if servants doing the household work were granted the right to vote then why not women who are mothers, housewives managing everything at home. Women were given little or no political rights, right to vote etc. till the end of 19th century.
Question2.Who were
Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were
portrayed?
Solution:
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, artists represented the country as if it were a person.
2. Nations were portrayed as female figures that
sought to give the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form.
3. The female form that was chosen to personify
the nation did not stand for any particular woman in a real life.
4. Thus, in France, she was christened Marianne, a
popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people’s nation.
5. Her characteristics were drawn from those of
liberty and the Republic – the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade.
6. Statues of Marianne were installed in public
squares to remind the public of the national symbols of unity and to persuade
them to identify with it.
7. Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps
too.
Question 5.What
changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient
in the territories ruled by him?
1. Solution:
The following changes were introduced
by Napoleon to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories
ruled by him :
2. Civil Code of 1804 or the Napoleonic Code was
issued. It abolished all privileges based on birth. It established equality
before the law and secured the right to property.
3. Napoleon simplified administrative divisions in
the Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in
4. Italy and Germany. ,
5. The feudal system was abolished and peasants
were freed from serfdom and manorial dues.
6. Guild restrictions were removed in towns.
7. Improvements were made in the transport and
communication systems.
