Class-8 Subject:Social Studies (civic) chapter-9 Public Facilities

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

01/10/2021      CLASS-8     SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVIC)

CHAPTER - 9
PUBLIC FACILITIES

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Question 1.Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?

Solution:
There are few cases of private water supply in the world, because:

1. Private company deals for profit in the market.
2. In the water facility, there is no profit or very less profit.
3. Private companies do not take interest in undertaking no profit or low-profit work.

Question 2.Do you think the water in Chennai is available and affordable by all? Discuss.
Solution:
Water is not equally available to all citizens in Chennai. Certain areas like Anna Nagar get copious water while areas like Saidapet receive very little water. Municipal supply meets only about half the needs of the people of the city, on an average. Areas that are close to the storage points get more water whereas colonies further away receive less water. The burden of shortfalls in water supply falls mostly on the poor.

The middle class, when faced with water shortages, are able to cope through a variety of private means such as digging bore wells, buying water from tankers, and using bottled water for drinking. The wealthy have safe drinking water, whereas the poor are again left out. In reality, universal access to ‘sufficient and safe’ water, in Chennai, is still a dream.

Question 3.How is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of groundwater? Can the government do anything in this regard?
Solution:
The sale of water by the farmer to the water dealers in Chennai affects the local people as this water is for irrigation as well for drinking for them. So the agricultural crops, as well as people, suffer. Moreover, groundwater levels have dropped drastically.

• Local people can and should object to such exploitation of groundwater.
• The government on their part should restrict the use of groundwater by the individual farmers according to their needs and make strict laws against overuse.

Question 4.Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?
Solution:
Because of the following reasons:

• In major cities life is fast. People could not wait for hours together standing in long queues as they have to do in government hospitals.
• They can afford it as they have money to spend.
• City people are more ambitious.
• They expect better facilities in private hospitals and private schools.
• In private schools, infrastructural facilities are more.

Question 5.Do you think the distribution of public facilities in our country is adequate and fair? Give an example of your own to explain.
Solution:
1. Distribution of public facilities such as the right to water, health, education, etc. in our country is not adequate and fair.
2. Major role of government is to ensure adequate public facilities for everyone.
3. But progress in this regard is far from satisfactory.
4. There are inequality and irregularity in the distribution of water supply.

• Compared to the metropolitan and big cities, towns and villages are provided low water supply.
• In comparison to wealthy localities, the poorer localities are under-serviced.
• People living in slums suffer a lot. They are provided with a very low water supply.

Examples

• The posh colonies of Delhi like Anand Niketan have all modern facilities and these facilities are sophisticated.
• Public facilities are lacking in unauthorized colonies.

Question 6.Private educational institutions – schools, colleges, universities, technical and vocational training institutes are coming up in our country in a big way. On the other hand, educational institutes run by the government are becoming relatively less important. What do you think would be the impact of this? Discuss.
Solution:

• The government would withdraw from these activities or parents will send their children to private schools.
• Private agencies will be given a boost.
• The money would play an important role.
• Children from the deprived sections of the society would be at loss.
• Less qualified teachers would work in private institutions.
• Malpractices will be encouraged.

CLASS-6 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVIC) CHAPTER-5 PANCHAYATI RAJ

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

01/10/2021      CLASS-6     SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE (CIVIC)

CHAPTER-5
PANCHAYATI RAJ

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I.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below:

(i) The members of the Gram Sabha must be adults. It means they must be of
(a) 18 years or more
(b) 20 years or more
(c) 22 years or more
(d) 25 years.

(ii) The people of Hardas village are facing the problem of…………..
(a) Electricity
(b) Unemployment
(c) Water shortages
(d) None of the above.

(iii)The work of the Gram Panchayat has to be approved by the …………..
(a) Members of the Gram Sabha
(b) Zila Parishad
(c) Ward Member
(d) Gram Sabha

(iv) Which one is not the source of funds for the Panchayat?
(a) Collection of taxes on houses, market places, etc.
(b) Donations for community works etc.
(c) Donations contributed by the villagers for village welfare works
(d) Government scheme funds received through various departments of the government through the Janpad and Zila Panchayats.

(v) The Panchayat Raj System is the
(a) First level of democratic government
(b) Second level of democratic government
(c) Third level of democratic government
(d) Fourth level of democratic government.

Answer:
(i) – (c), (ii) – (e), (iii) – (d), (iv) – (c), (v) – (a).

II.FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. The Gram Panchayat is elected for ……… years.
2. The Panchs and the Gram Panchayat are answerable to the…………….
3. Every village Panchayat is divided into ……….
4. The people of Hardas village suggested ………  development programme for the permanent solution of their problem.
5. The Gram Panchayat’s main tasle is to implement …………..  programmes for all villages that come under it.

Answer:

1. Five
2. Gram Sabha
3. Wards
4. watershed

III.TRUE/FALSE

State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The Secretary of the Gram Sabha is an elected person.   
2. There is no link between the Gram Sabha and the Gram Panchayat.
3. It is the Gram Sabha that keeps control of the Gram Panchayat.
4. The Gram Panchayat meets regularly in order to perform its task efficiently and within a given time limit.
5. The Gram Panchayat does not collect any local taxes.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

.VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Who calls the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat? [V. Imp.]
Ans: It is the Secretary who calls the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.

2. What problems do the women of Hardas village face?
Ans: The women of Hardas village have to go to the Suru River which is 3 km away to fetch water.

3. Why is Tijia in favour of some permanent solution to the problem of water shortages?
Ans: Because groundwater levels seem to be going down every year.

4.What does Anwar suggest?
Ans: Anwar suggests for watershed development programme.

5.What was the next agenda for the Gram Sabha?
Ans: The finalisation of the list of people below the poverty line (BPL).

6. Why is the Nirmal Gram Puruskar awarded and to whom?
Ans: The Nirmal Gram Puruskar is awarded to the village Panch/panchs for the excellent work done by him/them in the Panchayat.

7. What is the Panchayati Reg System?                                                                     
Ans: Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government.

8. Why are the Panchs and the Gram Panchayat answerable to Gram Sabha?
Ans: Because the members of the Gram Sabha elect them.

VI. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What various works does a Gram Panchayat do? [V. Imp.]
Ans: A Gram Panchayat does various works. These works include

• The construction and maintenance of water sources, roads, drainage, school buildings, and other common property resources.
• Levying and collecting local taxes.
• Executing government schemes related to generating employment in the village.

2. What are the sources of funds for the Gram Panchayat? [V. Imp.]
Ans: The sources of funds for the Gram Panchayat are:

• Collection of taxes on houses, market places etc.
• Government scheme funds received through various departments of the government through the Janpad and Zila Panchayats.
• Donations for community works etc.

3. What are the functions of the Zila Parishad?
Ans: The functions of the Zila Parishad Eire :

• It makes developmental plans at the district level.
• With the help of Panchayat Samitis, it also regulates the money distribution among all the Gram Panchayats.

4. Write a brief note on the three levels of Panchayats.                                      
Ans: The Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government. The Panchayati Raj System is the first tier or level of democratic government. It extends to two other levels. One is the Block level, which is called the Janpad Panchayat or the Panchayat Samiti. Above the Panchayat Samiti is the District Panchayat or the Zila Parishad.

5. Why do Gram Sabhas in some states from committees?                                       
Ans: In some states, Gram Sabhas from committees like construction and development committees. These committees include some members of the Gram Sabha and some from the Gram Panchayat who work together to carry out specific tasks.

6. Write a short note on the Gram Sabha.
Ans: The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat. This could be only one village or a few villages. In some states, a village meeting is held for each village. Anyone who is 18 years old or more and who has the right to vote is a member of the Gram Sabha.

Class-7 Subject Social Science History Chapter-4 THE MUGHAL EMPIRE,

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

01/10/2021      CLASS-7     SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SOCIAL SCIENCE

HISTORY CHAPTER-4
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 

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1. Match the following:
 
mansab                              –        rank
Mongol                              –         Uzbeg
Sisodiya Rajput               –           Mewar
Rathor Rajput                  –           Marwar
Nur Jahan                        –          Jahangir
subadar                             –         governor

2. Fill in the blanks:

1. The capital of Mirza Hakim, Akbar’s half-bro: her, was …………………
2. The five Deccan Sultanate were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar,
3. If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sewer indicated his………………………
4. Abul Faze, Akbar’s friend and counsellor, helped him frame the idea of …………. so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.

Answer:

1. Kabul
2. Bijapur, Golconda
3. number of horses maintained
4. administration

3. What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?
Answer: Panipat, Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Mathura, Amber, Ajmer, Fatehpur Sikri, Chittor, Ranthambhore and Allahabad.

4. What were the relationships between the mansabdar and the jagir?
Answer:
Relationship between the mansabdar and the jagir:

1. Mansabdars were those who joined Mughal service.
2. Jagirs were the salaries of the mansabdars in the form of revenue assignments.
3. It means mansabdars received jagirs as their salaries. Hence, mansabdars depended upon jagirs for their livelihood.

5. What was the role of the zamindar in Mughal administration?
Answer:  Zamtndars were powerful local chieftains appointed by the Mughal rulers. They exercised great influence and power. They collected taxes from the peasants and gave them to the Mughal emperor. Thus, they played the role of intermediaries. In some areas the zamindars became more powerful. The exploitation by Mughal administrators made them to rebellion. They got support from the peasants in rebelling against the Mughal authority.

6. How were the debates with religious scholars important in the formation of Akbar’s ideas on governance?
Answer:
In the 1570’s at Fatehpur Sikri Akbar started discussions on religion with people of different faiths. There were ulemas, Brahmanas, Jesuit Catholic priests and Zoroastrians.

1. These discussions took place in Ibadat Khana. These were about social and religious customs.
2. These interactions made him realise that religious scholars are bigots. They emphasize rituals and dogma.
3. Their teachings create divisions in society. This led to the idea of Sulh-i-Kul or ‘Universal peace’.

7. Why did the Mughals emphasise their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?
Answer:  The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers. From their mother’s side they were descendants of Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol tribes. From their father’s side they were the successors of Timur, the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey. However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mongol because Mongol’s especially Genghis Khan’s, memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people. It was also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors. On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, because it achieved good name in the history.

8. How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?
Answer:
The income from land revenue is very important to the stability of the Mughal Empire as:

1. It was used for extension of empire, wars, etc.
2. Income is used to pay salaries/wages to army, bureaucrats, artisans and workers.
3. The administrative expenditure is dealt by this income.

9. Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?
Answer:  The Mughal Empire expanded to different regions. Hence, it was important for the Mughals to recruit diverse bodies of people in order to make people comfortable with them. Apart from Turanis and Iranis, now there were mansabdars from Indian Muslims, Afghans, Rajputs, Marathas and other groups.

10. Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?
Answer:
No, this does not pose a challenge to national integration because:

1. We have a unified system of government that has the same rules and regulations for all the citizens irrespective of religion, region, etc.
2. We have a constitution guarding the rights of all and specifying their duties.
3. Now we are unified as a nation, not as distinct states or regions of different rulers.

11. Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?
Answer:  Peasants are as important today as they were during the Mughal Empire. They cultivate land and grow crops without which we cannot survive. They pay land revenue to the government which is used in various development work. We cannot think of a sound economy without them. They are the backbone of the country.

12. The Mughal Empire left its impact on the different regions of the subcontinent in a variety of ways. Find out if it had any impact in the city, village or region in which you live.
Answer:

• Yes.
• We have great architectural remains of this period which gives lots of information about construction, material styles, etc.
• Islam as a religion gave a distinct cultural flavour to the city.
• Urdu has enriched our literature, music, and art of writing.
• Mughal remains are great tourist attractions.