class-9 subject social science chapter-4 Geograpgy CLIMATE

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

05/01/2022      CLASS- 9   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SOCIAL STUDIES 

CHAPTER-4 GEOGRAPHY

CLIMATE
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1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?

(a) Silchar

(b) Mawsynram

(c) Cherrapunji

(d) Guwahati

Ans:

(b) Mawsynram

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:

(a) Kaal Baisakhi

(b) Loo

(c) TVade Winds

(d) None of the above

Ans:

(b) Loo

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India,

(a) Cyclonic depression

(b) Retreating monsoon

(c) Western disturbances

(d) Southwest monsoon

Ans:

(c) Western disturbances

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:

(a) Early May

(b) Early July

(c) Early June

(d) Early August

Ans:

(c) Early June

(v) Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?

(a) Warm days and warm nights

(b) Warm days and cold nights

(c) Cool days and cold nights

(d) Cold days and warm nights

Ans:

(c) Cool days and cold nights

2.Answer the following questions:-

Question-1What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

Solution:
There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are:

1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Pressure and wind system
4. Distance from the sea (continentality)
5. Ocean currents
6. Relief features

Question-2Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Solution:
The monsoon type of climate is characterised by a distinct seasonal pattern. The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other. These changes are particularly noticeable in the interior parts of the country. The coastal areas do not experience much variation in temperature though there is variation in rainfall patterns. Four main seasons can be identified in India – the cold-weather season, the hot weather season, the advancing monsoon, and the retreating monsoon with some regional variations.

Question-3Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast?
Solution:
Surface winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast.

Question-4What are Jet streams and how do they affect the climate of India?
Solution:
Jet streams are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams have been identified. The most constant is the mid-latitude and the subtropical jet stream.

Over India, these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and northwestern parts of the country are brought in by this westerly flow. In summer, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun. An easterly jet stream, called the tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.

Question-5Define monsoons. What do you understand by “breaks” in monsoon?
Solution:
The seasonal reversal in wind direction during a yeat is called the monsoon. Monsoon tends to have ‘breaks’ in rainfall; which means that there are wet and dry spells in between The monsoon rains take place only for a few days at a time and then come to the rainless intervals.

Question-6Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Solution:
Despite great moderating influences on the climate of India, there are great variations in the temperature conditions. Nevertheless, the unifying influence of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent is quite perceptible. The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons.

Question-7Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?
Solution:
The western coast and northeastern India receive over about 400 cm of rainfall annually. However, it is less than 60 cm in western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab. Rainfall is equally low in the interior of the Deccan plateau, and east of the Sahyadris. The third area of low precipitation is around Leh in Jammu and Kashmir. The rest of the country receives moderate rainfall.

Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan region. Owing to the nature of monsoons, the annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year. Variability is high in the regions of low rainfall such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats. As such, while areas of high rainfall are liable to be affected by floods, areas of low rainfall are drought-prone.

Question-8Give reasons as to why.
(i) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
(ii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.

Solution:
(i) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months
The inflow of the south-west monsoon into India brings about a total change in the weather. Early in the season, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall, more than 250 cm. The Deccan Plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receive some amount of rain in spite of lying in the rain shadow area. The maximum rainfall of this season is received in the north-eastern part of the country. Mawsynram in the southern ranges of the Khasi Hills receives the highest average rainfall in the world. Rainfall in the Ganga valley decreases from the east to the west. Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat get scanty rainfall.

(ii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall
A characteristic feature of the cold weather season over the northern plains is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and the northwest. These low-pressure systems, originate over the Mediterranean Sea and western Asia and move into India, along with the westerly flow. They cause the much-needed winter rains over the plains and snowfall in the mountains. Although the total amount of winter rainfall locally known as ‘mahawat’ is small, they are of immense importance for the cultivation of ‘rabi’ crops. The peninsular region does not have a well-defined cold season. There is hardly any noticeable seasonal change in temperature patterns during winters due to the moderating influence of the sea.

Question-9Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Solution:
Despite an overall unity in the general pattern, there are perceptible regional variations in climatic conditions within the country. The two important elements, which cause these variations, are – temperature and precipitation.
For example, in summer, the mercury occasionally touches 50°C in some parts of the Rajasthan desert, whereas it may be around 20°C in Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir. On a winter night, the temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 45°C. Tiruvananthapuram, on the other hand, may have a temperature of 20°C.

CLASS-9 SUBJEC-HINDI CHAPTER-15 मेघ आए

  EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

05/01/2022      CLASS- 9   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :HINDI 

CHAPTER-15

मेघ आए
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पाठ्यपुस्तक के प्रश्न-अभ्यास

प्रश्न 1.बादलों के आने पर प्रकृति में जिन गतिशील क्रियाओं को कवि ने चित्रित किया है, उन्हें लिखिए।
उत्तर-
बादलों के आने पर प्रकृति में निम्न गतिशील क्रियाएँ हुई

• बयार नाचती-गाती चलने लगी।
• पेड़ झुकने लगे, मानो वे गरदन उचकाकर बादलों को निहार रहे हों।
• आँधी चलने लगी। धूल उठने लगी।
• नदी मानो बाँकी नज़र उठाकर ठिठक गई। पीपल का पेड़ झुकने लगा।
• लताएँ पेड़ों की शाखाओं में छिप गईं।
• तालाब जल से भर गए।
• क्षितिज पर बिजली चमकने लगी।
• धारासार जल बरसने लगा जिसके कारण जगह-जगह से बाँध टूट गए।

प्रश्न 2.निम्नलिखित किसके प्रतीक हैं?

1. धूल
2. पेड़
3. नदी
4. लता
5. ताल

उत्तर-नीचे दिए गए शब्द और उनके प्रतीक इस प्रकार हैं-

1. धूल- मेघ रूपी मेहमान के आगमन से उत्साहित अल्हड़ बालिका का प्रतीक है।
2. पेड़- गाँव के आम व्यक्ति का प्रतीक है जो मेहमान को देखने के लिए उत्सुक है।
3. नदी- गाँव की नवविवाहिता का प्रतीक है जो पूँघट की ओर से तिरछी नज़र से मेघ को देखती है।
4. लता- नवविवाहिता मानिनी नायिका का प्रतीक है जो अपने मायके में रहकर मेघ का इंतजार कर रही है।
5. ताल- घर के नवयुवक का प्रतीक है जो मेहमान के पैर धोने के लिए पानी लाता है।

प्रश्न 3.लता ने बादल रूपी मेहमान को किस तरह देखा और क्यों?
उत्तर-लता ने बादल रूपी मेहमान को किवाड़ की ओट में छिपकर देखा।
क्यों—वह मानिनी है। वह अपने प्रियतम के कई दिनों के बाद आने पर उनसे रूठी हुई भी है और उन्हें देखे बिना भी नहीं रह पाती।

प्रश्न 4.भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए

1. क्षमा करो गाँठ खुल गई अब भरम की
2. बाँकी चितवन उठा, नदी ठिठकी, पूँघट सरके।

उत्तर-

1. भाव यह है कि एक साल बीतने को हो रहे थे पर नवविवाहिता लता का पति मेघ उससे मिलने नहीं आया था। इससे लता के मन में जो भ्रम बन गया था वह मेघ के आने से टूट गया और वह क्षमा माँगने लगी।
2. मेघ रूपी मेहमान को देखने के लिए नदी रूपी नवविवाहिता ठिठक गई और उसने पूँघट उठाकर मेहमान को देखा।

प्रश्न 5.मेध रूपी मेहमान के आने से वातावरण में क्या परिवर्तन हुए?
उत्तर-
मेघ के आने से बयार चलने लगी। पेड़ झुकने लगे। आँधी और धूल चलने लगी, नदी बाँकी होकर बहने लगी। बूढे पीपल झुकने लगे। लताएँ पेड़ की ओट में छिपने लगीं। तालाब जल से भर उठे। आकाश में मेघ छा गए। अंत में धारासार वर्षा हुई।
मेहमान (दामाद) के आने पर गाँव की कन्याएँ और युवतियाँ प्रसन्न हो उठीं। लोग अपने खिड़की-दरवाजे खोलखोलकर उन्हें निहारने लगे। आते-जाते लोग उन्हें गरदन उठाकर देखने लगे। नवयुवतियों ने पूँघट सरकाकर उन्हें निहारा। बूढी स्त्रियाँ विनम्रतापूर्वक उनका स्वागत करने लगीं। अतिथि की प्रिया मान करने लगी। फिर अचानक वह क्षमा माँगने लगी। दोनों की आँखों से प्रेमाश्रु बह चले।

प्रश्न 6.मेघों के लिए ‘बन-ठने के, सँवर के आने की बात क्यों कही गई है?
उत्तर-
मेघों के लिए ‘बन-ठन के, सँवर के आने की बात इसलिए कही गई है क्योंकि वर्षा के बादल काले-भूरे रंग के होते हैं। नीले आकाश में उनका रंग मनोहारी लगता है। इसके अलावा गाँवों में बादलों का बहुत महत्त्व है तथा उनका इंतजार किया जाता है।

प्रश्न 7.कविता में आए मानवीकरण तथा रूपक अलंकार के उदाहरण खोजकर लिखिए।
उत्तर-
मानवीकरण-

• मेघ आए बड़े बन-ठन के सँवर के
• आगे-आगे नाचती-गाती बयार चली
• पेड़ झुक झाँकने लगे, गरदन उचकाए
• धूल भागी घाघरा उठाए
• बाँकी चितवन उठा, नदी ठिटकी
• 
  

रूपक – क्षितिज-अटारी गहराई।

प्रश्न 8.कविता में जिन रीति-रिवाजों का मार्मिक चित्रण हुआ है, उनका वर्णन कीजिए।
उत्तर-
कविता में अनेक रीति-रिवाजों का मार्मिक चित्रण हुआ है; जैसे-

• मेहमान के आने की सूचना पाकर सारा गाँव उल्लसित हो जाना।
• उत्साहित एवं जिज्ञासु होकर मेहमान को देखना।
• घर के बुजुर्ग द्वारा मेहमान का आदर-सत्कार करना।

प्रश्न 9.कविता में कवि ने आकाश में बादल और गाँव में मेहमान (दामाद) के आने का जो रोचक वर्णन किया है, उसे लिखिए।
उत्तर-
मेघ रूपी शहरी पाहुन के आते ही पूरा गाँव उल्लास से भर उठा। शीतल बयार नाचती-गाती हुई पाहुन के आगे-आगे चलने लगी। सभी ग्रामवासियों ने अपने दरवाजे और खिड़कियाँ खोल लिए, ताकि वे पाहुन के दर्शन कर सकें। पेड़ उचक-उचककर पाहुन को देखने लगे। आँधी अपना घाघरा उठाए दौड़ चली। नदी बंकिम नयनों से मेघ की सज-धज को देखकर हैरान हो गई। गाँव के पुराने पीपल ने भी मानो झुककर नमस्ते की। आँगन की लता संकोच के मारे दरवाजे की ओट में सिकुड़ गई और बोली-तुमने तो बरसों बाद हमारी सुध ली है। गाँव का तालाब पाहुन के स्वागत में पानी की परात भर लाया। क्षितिज रूपी अटारी लोगों से लद गई। बिजली भी चमकने लगी। इस प्रकार पूरा गाँव उल्लास से तरंगित हो उठा।

प्रश्न 10.काव्य-सौंदर्य लिखिए-
पाहन ज्यों आए हों गाँव में शहर के।
मेघ आए बड़े बन-ठन के सँवर के।
उत्तर-
भाव सौंदर्य- इन पंक्तियों में शहर में रहने वाले दामाद का गाँव में सज-सँवरकर आने का सुंदर चित्रण है।
शिल्प-सौंदर्य

• पाहुन ज्यों आए हों गाँव में शहर के’ में उत्प्रेक्षा अलंकार, ‘बड़े बन-ठनके’ में अनुप्रास तथा ‘मेघ आए बड़े बन-ठन के सँवर के’ में मानवीकरण अलंकार है।
• भाषा साहित्यिक खड़ी बोली है।
• रचना तुकांतयुक्त है।
• दृश्य बिंब साकार हो उठा है।
• माधुर्य गुण है।

CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-6 MAJOR LANDFORM ON THE EARTH

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

05/01/2022      CLASS- 6   SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT :SOCIAL SCIENCE 

CHAPTER-6
MAJOR LANDFORM ON THE EARTH

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I. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences given below:

(i) It is the mountain range of South America.
(a) The Himalayas              (b) The Alps
(c)The Andes                      (d) The Rockies.

(ii)    Mt. Kilimanjaro is in
(a) Asia                                                      (b)      Africa
(c) South America                                    (d)     North America.

(iii) Which one sport is not popular in the mountains?
(a) Paragliding                                          (b)      Skiing
(c) Hang gliding                                       (d)     Football.

(iv) The Hundru falls is in
(a) Chhotanagpur                                         (b) Calcutta
(c) Ranchi                                                      (d) Chhattisgarh.

(v) The world’s highest plateau is the
(a) Deccan plateau                                        (b) Tibet plateau
(c) Chhotanagpur plateau                             (d) East African plateau.

Answer:  (i)—(c), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a), (v)-(b).

II. Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence:

1. Many of the mining areas in the world are located in…………………………..  areas.
2. The climate of mountains is …………………..
3. Mountains vary in their ………………..  and shape.
4. The Ural mountains in ……………..  have rounded features and low elevation.
5. Volcanic mountains are formed due to ……………………  activities.
6. The ………….  and terraces are ideal for crop cultivation.
7. …………  in the Pacific Ocean is an undersea mountain.

Answer:

1. plateau
2. harsh
3. heights
4. Russia
5. volcanic
6. river basins
7. Mauna Kea (Hawaii)

III.State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. A rich variety of flora and fauna is found in the mountains.
2. The Rope Bridge is in Arunachal Pradesh.
3. Plateaus are vast stretches of flat land.
4. Plains are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits.
5. As we go higher, the climate becomes hotter.
6. Mt. Fujiyama in Japan is an example of volcanic mountains.
7. It is difficult to carry on construction work in plains.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. False.

IV.Match the items in column A correctly with those given in column B.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is internal process? [V. Imp.]
Answer: It is a type of continuous movement within the earth that lead to the upliftment and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places.

2. What is external process?
Answer:  It is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface.

3. What is called, erosion?
Answer:  The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion.

4. What happens when you go higher?
Answer:  The Climate becomes colder.

5. Give examples of young fold mountains.
Answer:  The Himalayan Mountains and the Alps.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Write a few features of mountains.
Answer:

1. Mountains are natural elevations of the earth’s surface.
2. They are higher than the surrounding area.
3. Some of them are even higher than the clouds.
4. The climate of mountains is harsh, which makes them less suitable for human habitation.
5. Mountains have steep slopes. Hence, farming is quite difficult here.

2. What are block mountains?
Answer: Block mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are known as horsts and the lowered blocks are known as graben. Examples: The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe.

3. How are plateaus useful for man?
Answer: Plateaus are very useful for man because they have rich mineral deposits. Many of the mining areas in the world are located in the plateau regions. For example, the African plateau is famous for gold and diamond mining. The Chhotanagpur plateau in India has huge reserves of iron, coal and manganese. In the plateau regions, one can find several waterfalls. Many plateaus have scenic spots which attract tourist on large scale.

4. What are the features of plateaus?   [Imp.]
Answer: 1.Plateaus are elevated flat lands. It is a flat topped table land standing above the surrounding area.
2. Plateaus have one or more sides with steep slopes.
3. Their height often varies from few hundred metres to several thousand metres.
4. Plateaus may be young or old. The Deccan plateau in India is one of the oldest plateaus.
5. The Tibet plateau is the highest plateau in the world.
6. Plateaus are storehouse of minerals like gold, diamond, iron, coal, etc.

5. What are the features of plains? [V. Imp.]
Answer: 1. Plains are vast stretches of flat land.
2. Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and undulating.
3. Plains are usually fertile regions. They are suitable for cultivation.
4. They are usually thickly populated regions.
5. It is easy to build houses, roads etc. in plains.