EVENTS
CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL
16/08/2021 CLASS-8 SESSION2021-22(SLOT-1)
SOCIAL SCIENCE(CIVICS)
Chapter-1
The Indian constitution
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1.Answer the following Questions:-
Question 1.Why does a democratic
country need a Constitution?
Solution:A
democratic country needs a constitution because
In
a democracy people choose their representatives and the leaders might misuse
their powers. Constitution provides safeguards against this.
In
a democracy, the constitution ensures that the dominant group does not use
power against less powerful groups.
The
constitution guarantees fundamental rights to the citizens for their social,
economic, and political welfare.
Question 2.What is the difference in who
exercises Executive Power in the 1990 and Interim Constitutions of Nepal?
Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?
Solution:In
the 1990 Nepal constitution, the Executive powers of the Kingdom were entirely
in the hands of the King. According to the Interim constitution drafted in
2007, the executive powers of Nepal are in the hands of the council of
ministers headed by the Prime Minister.
There
was a dire need for a new constitution as the ideals of the people had changed
as the country had moved from a monarchy to a democracy. The old constitution
was drafted when the country was under the rule of the king. The people of
Nepal fought for a democratic government for many years. So the old
constitution does not reflect the ideals of the people. The new constitution
will change the rules of the old constitution in order to bring in a new
society with new ideas.
Question 3.What would happen if
there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Solution:If
there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives then:
These
leaders (representatives) might misuse their authority.
This
misuse of authority can result in gross injustice and mismanagement.
Question 4In each of the following
situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is
important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20
of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 percent of the
population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all
employees, 80 percent are vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40
belong to more well-off families.
Solution:(a) 10 female teachers are in
minority.
It
is important to respect the views of female teachers so that male teachers do
not use their power against them.
(b) 5 percent of Buddhists are in
minority.
It
is important to respect the views of Buddhists so that they will not be
dominated by the community in the majority.
(c) 20 percent of non-vegetarian
employees are in minority.
Their
views should be respected as eating non-vegetarian food is their personal
choice.
(d) 10 students belong to poor
families and are in minority. Scholarships, special classes, and other welfare
schemes like book bank, free supply
of books, stationary and free uniform are to be planned to keep in view their
requirements.
Question 5Listed below are the key
features of the Indian Constitution. Write two sentences, in your own words, on
why you think this feature is an important key feature of
Federalism
Separation of Powers
Fundamental Rights
Parliamentary Form of Government
Solution Federalism: means more
than one level of government in the country. India has a 3 tier government.
India needs a 3 tier government because of the diverse religious and cultural
composition of its citizens. A government in the centre alone could not be effective
for everyone.
Separation of Powers:In order to
prevent the misuse of power by the elected representative the constitution
advocate Separation of powers. Each branch of the government has its powers
fixed by the Constitution. The Constitution ensures that a balance of power is
maintained between the Legislature Executive and the Judiciary.
Fundamental Rights: Fundamental
Rights guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as
against other individuals. It protects minority communities and guarantees
rights against the majority.
Parliamentary Form of Government:In
a Parliamentary form of government, the constitution guarantees universal adult
franchise for all citizens. That is, all adults have a right to vote,
irrespective of whether they are poor or rich, educated or uneducated, a Hindu,
Muslim or a Christian. The idea of a universal adult franchise is based on
equality.
