class-9 Subject English Grammar Essay On Importance of Education

                                   Essay 

                   Why Education is Important

According to Nelson Mandela Education is

the most powerful weapon that can be used

to change the world. It plays a vital role in

the development of an individual. Education

makes a man self-sufficient. An educated

man can contribute to the development of a

society or a nation. In our society education

has a great demand because everyone

knows the importance of education.

Education to all is the primary goal of a

developed

nation. 

That is why our government provides free education to all up to 14 years. In India, every child has the right to get free govt.  education.

Education has the utmost importance in a

person's life. An individual can establish

himself through acquiring proper education.

He /She gets much respect in society. So it

is necessary to be well educated to earn

respect and money in today's world.

Everyone should understand the value of

education and try to earn proper education

to prosper in life.

CLASS-8 SUBJECT ENGLISH GRAMMER ESSAY (IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION)

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

03/03/2022      CLASS- 8 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : ESSAY ENGLISH (IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION)

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CLASS- 9 SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDEIS Geography CHAPTER-6 POPULATION

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

25/02/2022      CLASS- 9 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDEIS Geography
CHAPTER-6
POPULATION 

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Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Only Bangladesh and Japan have higher average population densities than _______ .
Answer:
India

Question 2.
Which country may overtake China by 2045 to become the most populous country in the world?
Answer:
India

Question 3.
The main components of population change are _______ .
Answer:
Birth rate, death rate and migration

Question 4.
Internal migration does not change the population
Answer:
Size

Question 5.
The natural increase of population is the difference between
Answer:
Birth rate and death rate

Question 6.
In India, most migrations have been from _______ .
Answer:
Rural to urban areas

Question 7.
Name two factors that are serious obstacles for economic improvement.
Answer:
Illiteracy and malnutrition

Question 8.
The most significant feature of the Indian population is the size of its
Answer:
Adolescent population

Question 9.
What is the reason responsible for uneven population distribution in India?
Answer:
Variation in topography or relief in different parts of India and variation in climate and rainfall distribution

Question 10.
Which is the most populous country of the world?
Answer:
China

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the basic factors affecting the population of India.
Answer:
The basic factors affecting the population of India are as under :

• Birth Rate: It is the number of live births per 1,000 individuals of a population per annum. It increases both population size and population density.
• Death or Mortality Rate: It is expressed as the number of death per 1,000 individuals of a population per year. It decreases both population size and population density.
• Migration: Migration is the movement of the people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal or international.

Question 2.
What is meant by population growth and how do you calculate it?
Answer:
Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period or time as an instance, during the last 10 years. Such a change can be expressed in two ways: in terms of absolute numbers and in terms of percentage change per year.

It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier population from the later population. It is referred to as absolute increase.

Question 3.
Distinguish between Total Population and Average Density of Population.
Answer:

Total Population	Average Density of Population
(i) It is the number of people actually existing in the area.	(i) It is the number of people in a unit area after the distribution of the total population uniformly.
(ii) Its unit of measurement is number of people.	(ii) Its unit of measurement is the number of people per unit area.
(iii) Its value depends on the number of people only.	(iii) Its value depends on both the number of people as well as the total area.

Question 4.
What are the push and pull factors of internal migration in India?
Answer:
In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the ‘push’ factor in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas and the ‘pull’ of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living conditions.

CLASS- 9 SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDEIS CHAPTER-9 POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

25/02/2022      CLASS- 9 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDEIS
CHAPTER-9
POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE 

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 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When the health of a person suffers due to deficiency of nutrients in food as per his daily requirement, he/she is said to be the victim of _______ .
Answer:
Malnutrition

Question 2.
What helped West Bengal in reducing poverty?
Answer:
Land reform measures.

Question 3.
How many people in India live below the poverty line?
Answer:
270 million.

Question 4.
In rural areas in India, the accepted average calories requirement per person per day is _______ .
Answer:
2400 calories.

Question 5.
What is the most difficult challenge faced by independent India?
Answer:
Poverty

Question 6.
PMRY was started in 1993, stands for _______ .
Answer:
Prime Minister Rojgar Yozana

Question 7.
SGSY was launched in 1999 for assisted poor families above poverty line by organising them into self-help groups.
Answer:
Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana

Question 8.
PMGY was launched in 2000 to provide rural shelter, rural drinking water, primary health, primary education and rural electrification. It stands for _______ .
Answer:
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana

Question 9.
What is poverty?
Answer:
Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to satisfy minimum basic necessities of life, i.e., food, clothing, education, shelter, health, etc.

Question 10.
What are the two methods of estimating the poverty line.
Answer:
There are two methods of measuring poverty line—

• Level consumption expenditure method and
• Income method.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the indicators used by social scientists to understand poverty?
Answer:
The indicators used by social scientists to understand poverty are :

• Levels of income and consumption
• Lack of general resistance due to malnutrition
• Lack of access to healthcare
• Lack of job opportunities
• Lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation, etc.

Question 3.
Explain how the low level of education of the poor people can be held responsible for poverty in India.
Answer:

• Low level of education of the poor is a major cause behind their poverty. Poor people do not have access to education.
• Because of illiteracy, the Indian farmers have failed to learn new methods of cultivation. Even the village moneylenders succeed in cheating them quite easily.
• Moreover, poor parents are not able to send their children to schools. So, the poor people are employed as unskilled workers and are paid low wages due to low level of education.

Question 3.
Explain the principle measures taken in Punjab, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh to reduce poverty.
Answer:
The measure taken in Punjab, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh to reduce poverty are :

• The principal measures taken in Punjab to reduce poverty is increasing the agricultural growth rates.
• Kerala has focused more on human resource development to reduce poverty.
• Andhra Pradesh focused on public distribution of food grains to reduce poverty.

Question 4.
What does social exclusion mean?
Answer:

• According to this concept, poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in poor surrounding with other people, excluded from enjoying social equality of better-off people in better surroundings.
• Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as a consequence of poverty in the usual sense.
• Broadly, it is a through in which individuals or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy.

CLASS- 8 SUBJECT : English CHAPTER-10 THE GREAT STONE PHASE II

  EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

17/02/2022      CLASS- 8 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : english 
CHAPTER-10
THE GREAT STONE PHASE II  

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Question 1: Mark the meaning that best fits the word or a phrase in the story.

(i) (sun) going down

(a) becoming smaller
(b) weakening
(c) setting

(ii) brightening

(a) making (it) look bright and cheerful
(b) lending (it) a special glow
(c) causing (it) to appear hopeful

(iii) spacious

(a) lonely and wild
(b) big and wide
(c) special and important

(iv) prophecy

(a) proverb
(b) prediction
(c) rumour

(v) marvellous

(a) wonderful
(b) surprising
(c) shocking

(vi) proclaim

(a) reveal
(b) declare
(c) shout

(vii) cease

(a) happen
(b) stop
(c) remain

(viii) (a night’s shelter)

(a) stay
(b) safety
(c) hospitality

(ix) gazed

(a) wandered about
(b) stared at
(c) thought of

(x) took on (an expression)

(a) challenged
(b) resembled
(c) assumed

Answers:

(i) c          (ii) a          (iii) b      (iv) b
(v) a         (vi) b         (vii) b      (viii) a
(ix) b        (x) c

Questions: Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of the following statements.

1. Ernest’s words reminded people of the wise old sayings. __________
2. Total strangers from far away, who visited Ernest in the valley, found his face familiar. _______
3. The Great Stone Face confirmed Ernest’s view that the poet could be worthy of its likeness. _______
4. When Ernest and the poet met, they respected and admired each other equally. ________
5. The poet along with Ernest addressed the inhabitants of the valley. ___________
6. The poet realised that Ernest’s thoughts were far nobler than his own verses. _________

Answers:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True

Answer the followig questions.
Question 1:How was Ernest different from others in the valley?
Answer:
Ernest was unlike other commoners in the valley. He was a good, simple hearted, noble and thoughtful person. He had been under observation. He did not go with the crowd. He welcomed total strangers as the prophets.

Question 2:Why did Ernest think the poet was like the Stone Face?
Answer:
The poet wrote wonderful songs. He had celebrated the Great stone Face in one of his poems. When Ernest read this poem he became convinced that the poet was like the stone face.

Question 3:What did the poet himself say about his thoughts and poems?
Answer:
The poet confessed that he was not worthy to be compared with the Stone Face. His actions did not match with his thoughts.

Question 4:What made the poet proclaim Ernest was the Stone Face?
Answer:
Ernest and the poet together went to a meeting place. Ernest addressed the gathering. His words had power and his thoughts had depth. They were the words of life, a life of good deeds and selfless love. The poet was convinced that Ernest – was much nobler than him. Ernest’s face had such a grand expression that he declared that Ernest bore the likeness of the Great Stone Face.

Question 5:Write ‘Ernest’ or ‘Poet’, against each statement below.

(i) There was a gap between his life and his words.
(ii) His words had the power of truth as they agreed with his thoughts.
(iii) His words were as soothing as a heavenly song but only as useful as a vague dream.
(iv) His thoughts were worthy.
(v) Whatever he said was truth itself.

CLASS- 6 SUBJECT : ENGLISH GRAMMER ESSAY ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES OF INTERNET,

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

15/02/2022      CLASS- 6 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : english grammer
ESSAY
ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES OF INTERNET,  

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10 Lines Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet

1. The Internet is a great way to communicate with people. 

2. It has many positive sides.

3. It is easy to make a video call where we can see and talk with our friends and family. 

4. Social media platforms are a big part of the internet where people can add their similar minded people as friends. 

5. There are many educational websites where people can learn many things. 

6. Video streaming websites are good for entertainment purposes. 

7. It has some bad sides too. 

8. It is very addictive and anyone can get addicted to the internet easily.

9. It makes an impact on our mental health too and becomes a reason for depression sometimes. 

10. If we use it in a good way then we can get the best output from it.

CLASS- 7 SUBJECT : english grammer ESSAY ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES OF INTERNET,

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

15/02/2022      CLASS- 7 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : english grammer
ESSAY
ADVANTAGES AND DISVANTAGES OF INTERNET,  

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Introduction: The Internet is a huge connection between computers, servers, and mobile devices where you find any information.

 It is an open-source for learning new things. 

People use the internet in various ways. The present world is almost paralyzed without a good internet connection. We are talking about some good sides and some bad sides of the internet here. 

Advantages of the Internet:

The biggest advantage of the internet is communication because with good communication people can spread their business and can reach a bigger audience. 

It has improved education too. People can do their classes from home. Even a teacher can prepare his lecture and upload it on the internet where he can share these files with his students and the students can access them from any internet-connected device from anywhere in the world.

Disadvantages of the Internet: 

The bad sides of the internet are cyberbullying and trolling each other. Because of cyberbullying, there are such cases where the victim commits suicide. 

That’s how we can guess how big a problem it is. So we have to stay away from every type of bullying on the internet.

Conclusion: 

We could get the best from the internet if we want. And it is possible to use it for a good reason. 

CLASS- 7 SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE(HISTORY) CHAPTER-9 THE MAKING OF REGIONAL CULTURES,

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

14/02/2022      CLASS- 7 SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE(HISTORY)
CHAPTER-9
THE MAKING OF REGIONAL CULTURES,  

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1.  Match the following :
Anantavarnam         – Kerala 
Jagannatha               – Bengal
Mahodayapurma     – Orissa
Lilatilakam              – Kangra
Mangalakavya        – Puri
Miniature                 –  Kerala
Answer:
Anantavarnam         –       Orissa
Jagannatha              –        Kangra
Mahodayapurma   –        Kerala
Lilatilakam             –        Kerala
Mangalakavya       –        Bengal
Miniature              –         Kangra

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. Who was Anantavarman?
Answer: Anantavarman was one of the most important rulers of the Ganga dynasty in the 12th century.

2. Who did King Anangabhima III dedicate his kingdom to? What did he proclaim himself?
Answer: King Anangabhima III dedicated his kingdom to Purushottama Jagannath and proclaimed himself as the deputy of the god.

3. What was called Rajputana by the British?          
Answer: In the 19th century, the region that constitutes most of the present-day Rajasthan was called Rajputana by the British.

4. How were the Rajput rulers most distinctive?
Ans. The Rajput rulers were the apostles of bravery. They fought valiantly and often chose death on the battlefield rather than face defeat.

5. Define the term Kathak.
Answer: The term Kathak is derived from Katha, a word used in Sanskrit and other languages for the story.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Question 1.What is one of the commonest ways of describing people?
Answer:
One of the commonest ways of describing people is the language they speak. For example, when we refer to a person as a Tamil or an Oriya, this means that he or she speaks Tamil or Oriya and lives in Tamil Nadu or Orissa respectively.

Question 2.What do we tend to associate one region with?
Answer:
We tend to associate each region with distinctive kinds of food, clothes, poetry, dance, music and painting. Sometimes these identities are taken for granted and are assumed that they have existed from time immemorial.

Question 3.How have regional cultures evolved?
Answer:

• Regional cultures today are often the products of complex processes of intermixing of local traditions with ideas from other parts of the subcontinent.
• Some traditions appear specific to some regions, others seem to be similar across regions, and yet others derive from older practices in a particular area, but take a new form in other regions.

The Cheras and the Development of Malayalam

4. Mention all the six dance forms that are recognised as classical.
Answer: Six classical dances are :

• Kathak (North India)
• Bharatnatyam (Tamil Nadu)
• Kathakali (Kerala)
• Odissi (Orissa)
• Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh)
• Manipuri (Manipur).

CLASS- 8 SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners,

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

12/02/2022      CLASS- 8  SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER-7
Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners,  

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Question 1.Choose the correct option:

(i) One of the most important Indian ports of the 17th century.
(a) Bombay
(b) Madras
(c) Surat
(d) Vishakhapatnam

(ii) Bandana patterns were mostly produced in
(a) Rajasthan and Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan and Orissa
(c) Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh
(d) Chhattisgarh and West Bengal

(iii) The job of a rangrez was to
(a) Weave cloth
(b) Dye thread
(c) Transport goods to. the markets
(d) Spin thread on the charkha

(iv) The first cotton mill in India was established in
(a) Gujarat
(b) Bombay
(c) Madras
(d) West Bengal

(v) Wootz steel was produced all over
(a) South India
(b) North India
(c) Central India
(d) North-east India
Answer:
(i)(c), (ii)(a), (iii)(b), (iv)(b), (v)(a)

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words to complete each sentence.

1. The cotton textiles which the Portuguese took back to Europe, along with the spices came to be known as …………..
2. The …………….. was invented by John Kaye which increased the of the traditional spindles.
3. Weavers often belonged to communities that specialized in ……………..
4. ………….. and ………………. emerged as important new centres of weaving in the late 19th century.
5. Indian Wootz steel fascinated ………………. scientists.
6. The Tata Iron and Steel factory is situated on the banks of the river …………..
7. TISCO had to expand its capacity and extend the size of its factory to meet the demands of the …………..

Answer:

1. Calico
2. Spinning Jenny
3. weaving
4. Sholapur; Madurai
5. European
6. Subamarekha
7. war

Question 3.
State whether each of the following statements is True or False.

1. From the 1850s, Britain came to be known as the ‘workshop of the world’.
2. The invention of the spinning jenny and steam engine revolutionized cotton textile weaving in England.
3. European trading companies such as the Dutch, the French, and the English purchased cotton and silk textiles in India by importing diamonds.
4. Men were usually involved in the work of spinning.
5. Iron smelting in India was extremely common until the end of the 19th century.
6. The Tata Iron and Steel Company began to produce steel after the First World War.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False

Question 4.
Match the items given in Column A correctly with those given in Column B.

Answer:
(i) (c), (ii) (a), (iii) (e), (iv) (b), (v) (d)

Class 8 History Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two reasons why Indian textiles were renowned all over the world.
Answer:
Their fine quality and beautiful craftsmanship made them renowned all over the world.

Question 2.
Why were printed Indian cotton textiles I popular in England?
Answer:
Printed Indian cotton textiles were popular in England for their exquisite floral designs, fine texture and relative cheapness.

Question 3.
During which period patola weaving was famous?
Answer:
It was famous during the mid-19th century.

Question 4.
Name the origin of the word calico.
Answer:
Calicut.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How were Indian textiles viewed in the world market?
Answer:
India was the largest producer of cotton textiles in the world before the British conquered Bengal around 1750. Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship. They were extensively traded in Southeast Asia (Java, Sumatra, and Penang) and West and Central Asia. From the 16th-century European trading companies began buying Indian textiles for sale in Europe.

Question 2.
How did the inventions of the Spinning Jenny and Steam Engine revolutionise cotton textile weaving in England?
Answer:
Textile industries had just emerged in England in the early 18th century.
So, it was difficult for the English producers to compete with Indian textiles. This competition with Indian textiles led to a search for technological innovation in England. In 1764, the Spinning Jenny was invented by John Kaye which increased the productivity of the traditional spindles.
Then came the steam engine. It was invented by Richard Arkwright in 1786. These two inventions revolutionised cotton textile weaving in England. Cloth could now be woven in immense quantities and cheaply too.

Question 3.
Give a description of the four regions where textile production was concen¬trated in the early 19th century.
Answer:
Textile production was concentrated in the following four regions in the early 19th century:

1. Bengal was one of the most important centres. Located along the numerous rivers in the delta, the production centres in Bengal could easily transport goods to distant places.
2. Dacca in Eastern Bengal, present-day Bangladesh, was the foremost textile centre in the 18th century. It was famous for its mulmut and jamdani weaving.
3. Textile production was concentrated along the Coromandal coast stretching from Madras to northern Andhra Pradesh.
4. On the west coast there were important weaving centres in Gujarat.

CLASS- 9 SUBJECT : ENGLISH MOMENT CHAPTER-8 A HOUSE IS NOT A HOME

  EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

12/02/2022      CLASS- 9  SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : ENGLISH MOMENT
CHAPTER-8
A HOUSE IS NOT A HOME   

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:-

Question 1.Why did the writer feel awkward during her first year of high school?

Answer:
She felt awkward because it was a new school, much bigger than her previous junior high school. It was strange starting as a freshman after enjoying the benefits of being the senior-most class in junior high. She also felt isolated as all her close friends had gone to different high schools and she did not know anyone there.

Question 2.Why did she continue to visit her old school?
Answer:
She missed her teachers so much that she continued to visit them at her old school. Moreover, it was a familiar place where she had spent many happy years. She felt isolated in her new school without her friends.

Question 3.What advice did her junior high teachers give her?
Answer:
They encouraged her to get involved with activities in her new school so that she could meet new people. They were confident that she would adjust in time and start loving the new school as well.

Question 4.What was the psychology behind the teachers’ advice?
Answer:
The teachers wanted her to adjust to her new environment and not keep thinking about the past. It was time for her to move on and face the reality of her situation.

Question 5.How do we know that her cat was very playful?
Answer:
We know this from the fact that she would swat at the writer’s pen from time to time in a playful maimer while she tried to complete her homework.

Question 6.Why was the cat so attached to the writer?
Answer:
The writer had saved the cat when it had been a kitten and somehow it knew that the writer was responsible for the good life that it was presently enjoying.

Question 7.What happened one Sunday afternoon?
Answer:
The writer’s house caught fire one Sunday, and it burnt down completely.

Question 8.Why did the writer’s mother run back into the burning house?
Answer:
The writer’s father had died when she had been very young. Her mother ran back into the burning house to try to save her husband’s pictures and letters, which were all she had to remember him by.

CLASS-9 SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE CIVIC CHAPTER-5 WORKING OF INSTITUTION

 EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

12/02/2022      CLASS- 9  SESSION 2021-22
SUBJECT : SOCIAL SCIENCE CIVIC
CHAPTER-5
WORKING OF INSTITUTION   

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1. TICK THE CORRECT OPTION :-

Question-1
If you are elected as the president of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Solution:
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

Question-2
Who among the following is a part of the political executive ?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Solution:
(c) Home Minister.

Question-3
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false ?
(a) Every law passed by the parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution.
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive.
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated.
Solution:
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court.

Question-4
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Solution:
(d) The Parliament

Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released.

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(i) Ministry of Defence
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down.	(iii) Ministry of Health
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.

Solution:

(a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country.	(iv) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
(b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas.	(v) Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
(c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the public distribution system will go down.	(ii) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution
(d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched	(iii) Ministry of Health
(e) The allowances of soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased	(i) Ministry of Defence

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.Name the three organs of the Government.
Answer:

• Executive
• Legislative
• Judiciary

Question 2.Who is the head of the state and the head of the government?
Answer:
The President is the head of the state whereas Prime Minister is the head of the government.

Question 3.What is a Parliament? Name the two houses of the Parliament.
Answer:
It is the supreme law making body of India. It has two Houses :

• Lok Sabha
• Rajya Sabha.

Question 4.What are institutions?
Answer:
The arrangements which are made in modern democracies to run the government.

Question 5.Name any three institutions responsible to run the democratic government in India.
Answer:

• The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
• The Civil Servant.
• The Supreme Court.

Question 6.Name the institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled.
Answer:
The Supreme Court.

Question 7.Why democratic governments insist on institutions? Give two reasons.
Answer:

• Institutions involve rules and regulations.
• Institutions bind the hands of the rulers as these involve meetings, committees and routines.

 Short Answer Type Questions

Question-1 Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Minister even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister in appointed by the president there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on the election.
Solution:
The most appropriate answer is (a).
This is because, in India, only the leader of the majority party/parties in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. Moreover, if the directly elected Prime Minister who does not have the support of the majority is appointed as the Prime Minister, there are chances that policies or laws suggested by him would not be passed in the Lok Sabha. This would lead to the government being run ineffectively.

Question-2 Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Solution:
I would choose to have a majority in the Lok Sabha, as the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha because:

1. If any law is not passed by both the houses, the final decision is taken in the joint session in which members of both the houses sit together but because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail.
2. The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters too. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money-related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it.
3. Most importantly, the Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have no confidence in the Council of Ministers, it has to quit, whereas the Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

Question3 A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Solution:
I would choose to have a majority in the mock Lok Sabha. This is because of the following reasons:

1. The leader of the Lok Sabha is directly answerable to the public, as they are directly elected by them.
2. Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the houses. However, in an undecided situation, the decision of Lok Sabha always prevails due to more members.
3. Lok Sabha exercises more power in cases related to money bills as they originate here.
4. The Council of Ministers is controlled by the Lok Sabha.
5. Lok Sabha has more powers compared to the Rajya Sabha.