EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL
16/09/2021 CLASS-10 SESSION2021-22(SLOT-1)
SOCIAL SCIENCE(CIVICS)
Chapter-2
federalism
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Question-1Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Solution:India and Belgium are similar in the aspect of ‘holding together’ federations.
Question-2What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Solution: A unitary system of government is where the national government has all the powers. But, whereas the federal form of government has two powers. One at the state level and one at the central level.
Question-3State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
Solution:Two differences between the local government before and after the constitutional amendment in 1992 are as follows:
- Before 1992, elections to the local bodies were not held regularly. Since 1992, it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
- Before 1992, local bodies did not have any powers or resources of their own. After 1992, the state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.
Exercises Page No. 27
1. Locate the following States on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Answer.
Green – SikkimBlue – Manipur
Orange – Chattisgarh
Red – Goa
2. Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.
Answer.
- South Africa
- Pakistan
- Australia
3. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Answer.
Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to that of Belgium – There is power-sharing between the union government and state government.
Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is different from that of Belgium – India has no community government in practice, while Belgium has one.
4. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Answer.
Federal Form Unitary Form There is a sharing of power between union and state government. The power is centralised with the union government, and there is no role of state governments. Example – India (India is a federal country with union government at the centre and state governments at the state level and Panchayati Raj at the local level.) Example – Sri Lanka (The national government has all the powers.)
5. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
Answer.
Local Government Pre-1992 Local Government Post Constitutional Amendment 1992 Elections to these local governments were not held regularly Now, it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to local government bodies Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own. The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State.
6. Fill in the blanks:
Since the United States is a ___________________ type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are ______________vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a _____________________ type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the ____________ government has more powers.
Answer.
Since the United States is a coming together type of the federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are strong vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the central government has more powers.
7. Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.
Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman: the Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Answer.
The policy of accommodation mentioned by Sangeeta is a correct reaction to the language policy followed in India. Due to this policy, India stands in unity with states having different languages. Had India not followed the policy of accommodation, several states could have proposed separation from the country.
8. The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
- The national government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
- Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
- Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
- Governmental power is divided between different levels of government
Answer.
d. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government
9. A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.
- Defence
- Police
- Agriculture
- Education
- Banking
- Forests
- Communications
- Trade
- Marriages
Union List State List Concurrent List
Answer.
Union List Defence Communications Banking State List Police Agriculture Trade Concurrent List Education Forests Marriages
Question-1Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Solution:India and Belgium are similar in the aspect of ‘holding together’ federations.
Question-2What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Solution: A unitary system of government is where the national government has all the powers. But, whereas the federal form of government has two powers. One at the state level and one at the central level.
Question-3State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
Solution:Two differences between the local government before and after the constitutional amendment in 1992 are as follows:
- Before 1992, elections to the local bodies were not held regularly. Since 1992, it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
- Before 1992, local bodies did not have any powers or resources of their own. After 1992, the state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.
Exercises Page No. 27
1. Locate the following States on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Answer.
| Green – Sikkim Blue – Manipur Orange – Chattisgarh Red – Goa |
2. Identify and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of the world.
Answer.
- South Africa
- Pakistan
- Australia
3. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Answer.
Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to that of Belgium – There is power-sharing between the union government and state government.
Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is different from that of Belgium – India has no community government in practice, while Belgium has one.
4. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
Answer.
| Federal Form | Unitary Form |
| There is a sharing of power between union and state government. | The power is centralised with the union government, and there is no role of state governments. |
| Example – India (India is a federal country with union government at the centre and state governments at the state level and Panchayati Raj at the local level.) | Example – Sri Lanka (The national government has all the powers.) |
5. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
Answer.
| Local Government Pre-1992 | Local Government Post Constitutional Amendment 1992 |
| Elections to these local governments were not held regularly | Now, it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to local government bodies |
| Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own. | The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State. |
6. Fill in the blanks:
Since the United States is a ___________________ type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are ______________vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a _____________________ type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the ____________ government has more powers.
Answer.
Since the United States is a coming together type of the federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are strong vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the central government has more powers.
7. Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.
Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman: the Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Answer.
The policy of accommodation mentioned by Sangeeta is a correct reaction to the language policy followed in India. Due to this policy, India stands in unity with states having different languages. Had India not followed the policy of accommodation, several states could have proposed separation from the country.
8. The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
- The national government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
- Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
- Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
- Governmental power is divided between different levels of government
Answer.
d. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government
9. A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.
- Defence
- Police
- Agriculture
- Education
- Banking
- Forests
- Communications
- Trade
- Marriages
| Union List | |||
| State List | |||
| Concurrent List |
Answer.
| Union List | Defence | Communications | Banking |
| State List | Police | Agriculture | Trade |
| Concurrent List | Education | Forests | Marriages |
